猪肺炎支原体及其生物学研究进展

猪肺炎支原体是引起猪支气管肺炎的主要病原 ,严重危害着养猪事业的发展。虽然猪肺炎支原体的结构简单 ,但由于它对营养要求较高 ,故培养难度大 ,也是人们不能对其深入研究的一个主要原因。近年来利用克隆技术 ,对猪肺炎支原体从基因水平上进行了多种研究 ,已经取得了一些可喜成果。文章从它的生物学特性、荚膜结构、膜蛋白研究以及基因水平的研究等方面进行了综合性论述 ,并简明地指出了目前研究中存在的问题以及未来展望     

鸡大肠杆菌荚膜多糖——蛋白质抗原免疫原性的研究

用碳化二亚胺作为交联剂将荚膜多糖与载体蛋白质交联后加入蜂胶佐剂制成疫苗免疫鸡只。７周龄同源菌株攻毒结果表明，荚膜多糖－破伤风类毒素苗组鸡有很好的保护效果且试验重复性好；在免疫后３个月的同源攻毒保护指数也达１３／２０以上。但对异源菌株的攻毒没有明显保护效果。该研究采用微量法间接血凝试验检测了免疫鸡抗体水平。     

牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌主要荚膜群和脂多糖基因型两组三重PCR检测方法

为掌握国内牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌流行的主要荚膜群及脂多糖基因型,建立了检测多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pm)及其A、B荚膜群的三重PCR(PmAB-3PCR)以及检测3个脂多糖基因型的三重PCR(LPS-3PCR)方法,检验了其特异性和敏感性,用感染Pm小鼠的组织和人工污染Pm的牛鼻拭子样品进行了临床模拟检验,并对30株P m进行了PCR检测和传统血清学分型比较。结果显示:PmAB-3PCR特异性好,PmAB-3PCR和LPS-3PCR的DNA检测限分别为10~100 pg和1 ng,二者对菌液的检测限分别为200~2000 CFU和2000~20000 CFU。模拟临床样品PmAB-3PCR检测结果与细菌分离结果100%一致。PmAB-3PCR与琼扩试验的符合率为84%,二者检出的阳性率分别为88%和72%,差异不显著(P>0.05);LPS-3PCR与琼扩试验的符合率为60%,检出的阳性率分别为90%和50%,差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,建立的两组三重PCR方法准确高效且重复性好,可取代常规血清学方法用于国内牛巴氏杆菌病的诊断、流调和疫苗株筛选。     

7株牛源A型巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

对2014年沈阳地区患有呼吸系统疾病的育肥牛场进行病原分离,得到7株分离菌,对其进行培养形态及染色观察、病理组织切片观察、动物致病性观察及16S序列分析,初步鉴定为牛多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pm)。利用Pm种特异性引物及荚膜血清特异性引物进行PCR扩增,均得到目的基因条带。对分离菌进行药敏试验的结果显示,5株分离菌株已对阿米卡星、新诺明产生较强耐药性;7株分离菌均对氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、四环素及氨苄西林敏感。由此确定,分离菌株均为牛荚膜A型巴氏杆菌,且已具有一定耐药性。     

The genetic organization of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis region of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 14

The genetic organization of the gene involved in the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 14 has been determined. The DNA region for the CPS biosynthesis of serotype 14 (cps14) comprised 9 open reading frames, designated as cps14AB₁B₂B₃CDEFG genes, encoding Cps14A to Cps14G protein, respectively. Cps14A was similar to CpsA of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 4 and 12; the Cps14B₁ and Cps14B₂ were similar to CpsB of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 4 and 12, suggesting that CPS structure of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 14 would belong to Group I including A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 4, 12 and 15. Surprisingly, the overall nucleotide sequence, deduced amino acid sequence, and the genetic organization of the cps14 were nearly identical to those of Actinobacillus suis. This study will provide the molecular basic knowledge for development of diagnostics and vaccine of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 14.     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌荚膜多糖基因的原核表达及其产物的细胞毒性

参考GenBank中猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（App）血清2型荚膜多糖基因的序列分别设计了3对特异性引物，通过PCR分别扩增了CpsA、CpsB、CpsC3个基因，获得长约1137、429、1146bp的片段，将其分别克隆到pMD18-T中，经酶切鉴定和序列分析获得了阳性克隆子；再将CpsA、CpsB、CpsC分别插入原核表达载体pGEX-KG后，转化BL21，在IPTG诱导下获得高效表达，经Western-blotting检测证实，表达产物CpsC有生物学活性，CpsA、CpsB无活性；将3种表达产物等量混合，做10倍递进稀释后，与分离出的猪嗜中性粒细胞作用，37℃、50mL／L CO2培养箱中温育4h后加入底物液，测定D492nm值。结果表明，App荚膜多糖对猪嗜中性粒细胞无毒性作用。     

牛源荚膜A型多杀性巴氏杆菌疫苗候选株的筛选及鉴定

为了筛选生长快、毒力强、免疫原性好、副反应小的牛源荚膜A型多杀性巴氏杆菌（Pasteurella multocida，Pm）灭活疫苗菌株，本试验选取6株来自不同地区致犊牛肺炎死亡的牛源荚膜A型多杀性巴氏杆菌分离株，测定了培养基生长曲线、小鼠毒力、菌体脂多糖（LPS）含量及各菌株灭活菌苗免疫小鼠和家兔后的抗体效价，并进行了攻毒保护试验。结果显示，分离株Pm2、Pm3、Pm5生长速度较快、毒力较强、LPS含量较多，均含有与毒力和免疫相关的ptfA和fimA基因；免疫小鼠及家兔未发现明显不良反应，在二免后14 d血清抗体达1：64~1：128，强毒攻毒后全部存活，而PBS对照组全部死亡。本试验结果表明，Pm2、Pm3、Pm5均可作为多杀性巴氏杆菌灭活菌苗的候选菌株，其中Pm3作为首选株。     

Extraction,Purification and Determination of Capsular Polysaccharide in Enterococcus faecium

In order to extract and purify the capsular polysaccharide of Enterococcus faecium and measure contents of polysaccharide, high pressure crushing methods and enzyme decomposition methods (RNase A (25 μg/mL), DNase (0.5 mg/mL), lysozyme (0.25 mg/mL) and protease K (1.25 mg/mL)) were used to remove the nucleic acids and proteins to obtain crude capsular polysaccharide, and centrifugal ultrafiltration with 30 and 100 ku ultrafiltration centrifuge tubes and DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography were also adopted to obtain the purified capsular polysaccharides of Enterococcus faecium. Then the content of polysaccharide was determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The results showed the capsular polysaccharide content was 75.21%. The results revealed that capsular polysaccharide ofEnterococcus faecium was extracted successfully. The method of extracting capsular polysaccharide in Enterococcus faecium was established initially.