始丰微型牛体型与外周血cAMP、PTH和TGF-β水平关联性分析

为阐明始丰微型牛的生长发育相关的生化特性,采用ELISA方法对15月龄的始丰微型牛和作对照的正常体型天台黄牛测定并比较分析外周血中三个生长发育相关因子:cAMP、PTH与TGF-β.结果表明:微型牛组TGF-β含量(192.6 ng/L)极显著低于对照组(229.5 ng/L)(P＜0.01),cAMP和PTH含量与对...     

MC1R c.676A>G与山羊皮肤色素沉积的关系及其对黑色素合成的影响

为探讨山羊MC1R基因c.676A>G突变与山羊皮肤色素沉积的关系,及其对黑色素合成和cAMP信号通路下游色素相关基因表达的影响：一方面采用直接测序法检测酉州乌羊及其杂交后代群体(120个个体)MC1R基因c.676A>G的突变情况,用色差仪测量不同基因型个体的腹部皮肤色度值,分析c.676A>G突变与皮肤色素沉积的关系;另一方面,构建野生型(MC1R c.676A)和突变型(MC1R c.676G)真核表达载体,采用脂质体介导法转染到小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤细胞(B16-F10)中进行过表达,利用酶标仪检测各组细胞黑色素含量的差异,并通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测各组细胞中cAMP信号通路下游色素相关基因(MITF、TYR、TYRP1、DCT)的表达差异性。结果显示：酉州乌羊及其杂交后代群体中,c.676A>G位点均以GG基因型占优势,不同基因型群体的皮肤色度值差异不显著(P>0.05)。MC1R突变组(MC1R c.676G)细胞中的黑色素含量极显著(P<0.05)高于MC1R野生组(MC1R c.676A)。MITF、TYRP1和DCT基因在MC1R突...     

超声波辅助提取赞皇枣环磷酸腺苷工艺研究

研究了超声波辅助萃取技术(Ultrasound-assisted extraction,UAE)提取赞皇枣中环磷酸腺苷的方法。以高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)定量测定提取的环磷酸腺苷。采用正交试验考察超声时间、超声温度、超声功率和料液比对环磷酸腺苷提取率的影响,确定最佳工艺条件为:超声功率75W,处理时间15min,超声温度40℃,料液比1:20,提取率为644.46μg/g,比普通水浴提取率高41.6%。     

外源性cAMP和cGMP对黑白花奶牛泌乳性能的影响

对泌乳黑白花奶牛分别注射cAMP+cGMP组合剂、组合剂cGMP和自制环核苷酸组合剂(cAMP+cGMP).注射当月各组奶牛产奶量无差异;注射后1月,奶牛日平均产奶量比对照分别提高14.1%、23.6%和19.7%,差异达显着水平(P<0.05).对血液和乳生化指标测定结果表明,cGMP是提高黑白花奶牛产奶量的主要调节物;环核苷酸主要通过cGMP升高血糖、加快乳腺细胞乳的合成速度,从而使产奶量提高.     

The effects of hydrostatic pressure on signal transduction in brain membranes of deep-sea fishes of the genus Coryphaenoides

To investigate the effects of increased hydrostatic pressure on transmembrane signaling in deep-living marine species, the A₁ adenosine receptor – inhibitory G protein (G_i) – adenylyl cyclase signaling complex was examined in brain membrane preparations from four teleost fish species of the deep-sea family Macrouridae. The combined depth ranges of the adults of these species, Coryphaenoides armatus, C. cinereus, C. filifer, C. pectoralis, span several hundred meters to 5400 m. Basal adenylyl cyclase activity, determined at 5 °C, was inhibited by increased hydrostatic pressure in all four species. At the highest pressure tested, 476 atm, adenylyl cyclase activity was inhibited 60 to 70% relative to the atmospheric pressure values. Pressure inhibition did not result from denaturation or loss of protein components from the membrane due to pressure-induced shedding. Despite the pressure-inhibition of basal adenylyl cyclase activity, the responsiveness of adenylyl cyclase activity to modulation by N⁶-cyclopentyladenosine, an A₁ adenosine receptor agonist, was retained at elevated pressures. Because the accumulation of the second messenger cAMP depends on the summation of modulatory inputs, these results indicate that the transmembrane signaling in these deep-living species is insensitive to hydrostatic pressure changes.     

环腺苷酸(cAMP)及其抗病生物学作用

cAMP是机体代谢的重要调节因子,其广泛参与酶活性调节、基因表达以及细胞增殖与分化等,因而备受关注。文中主要针对cAMP的结构、合成、信号传导及其抗病生物学作用进行综述。     

Effect of concentrated decoction of Chinese herbal compound Buyanghuanwutang on cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway in hippocampus of rats with vascular dementia

AIM: To evaluate the role of concentrated decoction of Chinese herbal compound Buyanghuanwutang (BYHWT) in cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)-protein kinase A(PKA)-cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB) signaling pathway in hippocampus of rats with vascular dementia (VD). METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (sham-operated rats treated with normal saline), VD model group (VD rats treated with normal saline), BYHWT treatment group (VD rats treated with BYHWT) and nimodipment treating group (VD rats treated with nimodipine). The rat model of VD was build by the method of four-vessel occlusion. The rats in all 4 groups were administered with the corresponding reagents for successive 30 days. The content of cAMP was measured by radioimmunoassay. The expression of PKA catalytic subunit (PKAc) was observed by Western blotting. The changes of DNA-binding activity of CREB in rat hippocampus were detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS: The content of cAMP, the expression of PKAc and the DNA-bingding activity of CREB in the hippocampus of VD rats were lower than those in the hippocampus of sham-operated rats (P<0.01). The above indexes in both nimodipine treatment group and BYHWT treatment group were definitely higher than those in VD model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: BYHWT increases the content of cAMP, the expression of PKAc and the DNA-binding activity of CREB in VD rat hippocampus, thus strengthening the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway.     

Antigen-nonspecific macrophage factors modulating the antibody response in vitro

Antibody response to an antigen involves the co-operation between three types of cells: macrophages, T cells and B cells. The cognate interactions between these cells play a fundamental role in the expression of a specific antibody response, but the last is modulated by antigen-nonspecific soluble factors produced either by macrophages or by T cells. Macrophages elaborate a spectrum of molecules modulating the function of lymphoid cells; among them are IL1 and prostaglandins of the E series, which are respectively enhancer and inhibitor of the antibody response in vitro. These molecules alter T cell and B cell activities through different mechanisms involving activation or inhibition of IL2 production, or alteration of cells surface antigens. However, the cellular events following the fixation of soluble factor on its receptors are not known.