长江流域防护林林副产品综合开发利用途径综述

本文对长江流域防护林主要构建树种的生物学特性及资源分布、主要林副产品及其用途、开发利用现状等进行了综述，旨在说明长江流域防护林的柏木、马尾松、杜仲、银杏、喜树和香樟等树种的林副产品综合开发利用有着广阔的前景和深远的意义。     

燃煤烟气脱硫副产物对桉树生长影响的研究

通过盆栽和大田试验,探讨脱硫副产物及以其为原料制作的土壤调理剂对提高桉树生长量的作用,结果表明:(1)适量施用脱硫副产物可有效提高桉树生长量,将其制作成土壤调理剂施用,可进一步提高产量。(2)供试物量过高或过低会导致肥效下降而引起桉树生长量下降。(3)适量施用供试物可有效防治因桉树微量元素供应不足导致的缺素垂梢病。     

莲副产物生物碱的药理活性作用研究进展

生物碱是莲副产物天然产物中最重要的活性成分之一。本文概述了莲副产物中生物碱的化学成分及其生理活性研究进展,包括降脂减肥、抗菌消炎、抗癌等多方面的作用,以期对莲副产物生物碱的进一步研究和莲副产物资源的合理利用提供参考。     

章鱼下脚料酶解工艺优化的研究

利用Arazyme蛋白酶酶解章鱼下脚料,以酶解液中的多肽含量为指标,研究加酶量、酶解时间、料水比3个因素对酶解效果的影响,利用正交试验对酶解工艺进行优化,确定酶解的最佳条件。结果表明,在加酶量300 U/g,料水比1∶15,酶解时间3 h,酶解液中的多肽质量浓度达5.079 8 mg/mL。     

Relative Neutralizing Value as an Indicator of Actual Liming Ability of Limestone and Byproduct Materials

Methods used to compare the effectiveness of liming materials (e.g., relative neutralizing value, RNV; effective calcium carbonate equivalent, ECCE) were developed for ground limestone. This method is relatively untested on industrial byproducts that could be used when limestone is expensive or unavailable. The objective was to determine if RNV applies to both ground limestones and industrial byproducts. A 42-d incubation study was performed on three acid soils with 11 ground limestones and 9 different byproducts at four rates based on titration and the modified Adams-Evans buffer method. Overall effectiveness, assessed as RNV compared to Ca(OH)₂, averaged 101.5 ± 0.9% for all the evaluated liming materials, except the paper sludge and dolomitic marble. Thus, RNV was a good estimate of neutralizing ability when particle size was accurate. Addition of RNV to packaging would facilitate the commercial use of byproducts as liming materials allowing consumers to compare products by price and properties.     

粮油副产品资源应用技术探讨

分析了国内外油料副产品资源的开发利用现状,根据我国油料副产品资源开发利用存在的问题和发展的有利条件,提出了油料副产品资源综合开发利用的对策。     

蛋白副产物资源开发生物活性肽研究进展

综述了农产品加工中产生的蛋白副产物的主要类型,分析了生物活性蛋白肽的生理功能以及化学方法、物理方法、生物酶法和基因工程等技术手段在蛋白副产物改性中的应用及最新进展,其中生物酶法改性技术易于将蛋白改性到所期望的功能值,是提高蛋白副产物附加值的重要途径,并展望了几种蛋白副产物的开发前景。     

Ensiling of total mixed ration containing persimmon peel: Evaluation of chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation profiles

The effects of inclusion of persimmon peel (PP) in total mixed ration (TMR) silage on its nutrient composition, tannin content, and in vitro ruminal fermentation were studied. Four types of TMR silages containing 0, 50, 100, and 150 g/kg of PP on a dry matter basis were prepared. The dietary contents of non‐fiber carbohydrate (NFC) decreased, while soluble protein fraction increased after ensiling of the TMR. In the TMR silages, the content of insoluble tannin increased (p < .05) with increasing PP level. The fraction of soluble protein decreased linearly (p < .01), while that of neutral detergent insoluble protein increased linearly (p < .01) with increasing the PP level in the TMR silages. The total gas and methane yields from the in vitro rumen fermentation of the TMR silages were lower (p < .01) than those of pre‐ensiled TMR and declined linearly (p < .01) with increasing PP level. These results indicate that adding PP to TMR silage may resist the breakdown of dietary protein during the ensiling process, although the ruminal fermentability of TMR possibly decreased after ensiling due to the loss of NFC.     

燃煤烟气脱硫副产物用于桉树的效果及机理

通过盆栽和大田试验,探讨脱硫副产物对桉树Eucalyptus营养作用及其机理.结果表明:①供试物施用量4.15g·kg-1时,玄武岩砖红壤上桉树氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫和硼养分吸收量分别比对照高61%,44%,39%,90%,81%,21%和146%,浅海沉积砖红壤上桉树养分吸收量也较对照大幅增长,供试物施用有显著促进桉树养分吸收的效应,但施用量高于8.03g·kg-1或低于2.76g·kg-1时对桉树养分吸收的促进作用不明显.②盆栽及大田试验均表明,适量施用供试物可显著促进桉树生长,提高其生物量.其中,供试物施用量4.15g·kg-1时,玄武岩砖红壤上桉树单株根质量、干质量、叶质量分别比对照高118.75%,116.24%和63.92%,浅海沉积砖红壤上桉树单株根质量、茎质量和叶质量也较对照显著增加,但施用量高于8.03g·kg-1或低于2.76g·kg-1时会导致肥效下降.③适量施用供试物可有效防治因微量元素供应不足导致的桉树缺素垂梢病.图2表6参11     

Optimization of Hydrolysis Conditions for Production of Gelatin Hydrolysates from Shark Skin Byproduct and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activities

ABSTRACT

The effect of Alcalase hydrolysis conditions on antioxidant activities of shark skin gelatin hydrolysate (SSGH) byproduct was studied. Optimal hydrolysis condition for SSGH at 60°C, pH 7.5, and 2.70 AU kg^?1 gelatin protein was used for varied hydrolysis times (10–90 min). The IC₅₀ against DPPH radicals of SSGH hydrolyzed for 90 min (SSGH-90) was 27.39 mg ml^?1, which is greater than ascorbic acid. SSGH-90 was predominantly composed of 15–20 kDa protein fragments that regulated increases in peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values and suppressed decrease in DHA of a fish oil-in-water emulsion during storage at 30°C for 7 days.