Nutrients management strategies to improve yield and quality of sugar beet in semi-arid regions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of sugar beet genotypes (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore, a field trial was carried out in Peshawar, Pakistan, during the winters in 2012–2013. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split plots, having three replications. Fertilizer treatments (control, composted manure Higo Organic Plus at 5 t ha^?1, Maxicrop Sea Gold seaweed extract at 5 L ha^?1, farm yard manure at 10 t ha^?1, inorganic nitrogen–phosphorus (NP) at 90:60 kg ha^?1, NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 and NP at 150:120 kg ha^?1) were allotted to main plots, while genotypes (Sandrina, Serenada and Kawe Terma) were allotted to the sub-plots. Plots treated with the application of NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 produced the highest beet yield (76.4 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (11.1 t ha^?1), and had the second highest polarizable sugar content (14.52%) and more economic return (Rs. 553,000 per hectare) as compared to control plots. Sugar beet genotype Serenada had significantly higher beet yield (55.5 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (7.9 t ha^?1) and a higher economic return (Rs. 380,000 per hectare) than the other genotypes. Sugar beet genotype Serenada supplied with NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1is recommended for the general cultivation in the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar valley.     

不同生态环境下甘蔗组合的生长表现和适应性

以2017—2018年组配的119个甘蔗组合为材料,分别在广西的南宁、崇左、来宾同时开展组合评价试验,基于锤重性状进行联合方差分析和遗传参数估计,并采用回归分析和AMMI模型对组合进行稳定性分析。结果表明:不同的组合、环境及组合与环境互作在锤重间的差异均达到了极显著水平(P0.01);3个试验点锤重的广义遗传率均属于中等偏低水平;崇左、来宾试验点的锤重变异系数较大,南宁试验点的锤重变异系数较小;643、404、575、972、636、144、YC95、1470、755、409、701、832、YC37、579等组合表现出高产、稳产和适应性广的特性;结合锤重和组合入选率综合分析,组合449、YC127、796、YC44、533、570、YC123、391、546、403、YC90、252在南宁试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高;组合643、212、YC61、432、903、YC95、YC44、368、YC83、YC127、YC112、701、411、YC90、YC123在崇左试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高;组合643、404、449、144、403、YC48在来宾试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高。     

甘蔗杂交后代锤度的选择

对甘蔗22个家系F_1群体的遗传变异分析表明,锤度是高度可遗传的品质性状,对选择有较大的响应.在锤度平均值高、遗传变异系数大的家系中选择高糖基因型的效果好,可获得较高的遗传进展.根据锤度与株高、茎径、茎数和丛重遗传相关的方向和程度,对不同家系高糖高产基因型的选择确定相应的策略,能达到选育高糖高产品种的最佳效果.     

Evaluation of performance of sorghum varieties grown in Tokyo for sugar accumulation and its correlation with vacuolar invertase genes SbInv1 and SbInv2

ABSTRACT

The sugar-accumulating potential of global and local sweet and grain sorghum varieties were tested under the local conditions. The basis for this study was the dependency of sugar accumulation on temperature and photoperiod. Thus, the efficacy of cultivars as a bioenergy source would need to be determined based on their performance under the local environmental conditions. A strong correlation of sucrose content with brix was observed, enabling large-scale screening of varieties for high sucrose content. The morphological characteristics inherent in sweet sorghum, such as tall stems, greater number of leaves and a longer vegetative period, were found to correlate with the total stem sugar content. Assessment of sugars along the stem revealed maximum sugar accumulation in the upper intermediate to upper internodes in most of the varieties tested. The maximum theoretical ethanol yield (MTEY), a function of brix and juice yield, was determined as a better indicator of testing the performance of a variety as a potential source of bioethanol, mainly due to a negative correlation of stem juiciness and sucrose content in the varieties tested. Further, the relative expression of vacuolar invertase genes, SbINV1 and SbINV2, was studied, and a strong negative correlation of SbINV2 to stem sucrose content was observed. This reveals a possibility of involvement of vacuolar invertase gene, SbINV2, in sugar accumulation in sweet sorghum stems, and as a key candidate for molecular breeding studies for higher stem sugar content.     

Evaluation of Brix Refractometry for the Estimation of Colostrum Quality in Jennies

Donkey placenta does not allow the passage of immunoglobulins; thus, foals are born hypogammaglobulinemic and an adequate intake of high-quality colostrum in the first 24 hours of life is crucial for the surviving. The study aims to assess the relation between colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration evaluated by the single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) test and the Brix refractometer in donkeys to establish a cutoff value for high quality of colostrum based on Brix refractometry. Colostrum was collected at foaling, and at 6, 12, and 24 hours after foaling from the left and the right half of nine Amiata jennies. A total of 72 colostrum samples were analyzed. A Friedman test with a Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons was used for assessing the differences between the left and right half at each sampling time. No differences were found between the left and right halves; the average value was used to analyze the effect of sampling time on the IgG concentrations and Brix values. The relationship between colostrum IgG concentrations (SRID test) versus Brix value and Brix value versus time was analyzed using two different mixed linear models. A strong statistically significant relation has been found between IgG concentrations and Brix values (R² = 0.84). The relation between IgG concentrations and Brix refractometer showed a cutoff point of 17% Brix score for the identification of high-quality colostrum. The Brix value (%) decreased continuously from 16.29 by 0.29 × hour. Jennies’ and donkey foals’ management may be greatly improved using this simple and cheap device.     

甜菜不同生长期叶柄锤度的变化与主要性状问的相关分析

通过对甜菜不同生长期叶柄锤度与产质量性状间的相关分析看出,在营养生长期甜菜叶柄锤度与根产量、产糖量二性状的相关不密切,而同褐斑病病情呈负相关,同块根含糖率呈正相关,且到生育后期达显著或极显著水平.通过对甜菜营养生长期叶柄锤度的测试,进行育种材料的高糖性状的预选,具有一定的实际意义。     

能源甜高粱茎秆节间锤度变化规律研究

以辽甜1号和辽甜3号为试材,在灌浆期、乳熟期和成熟期进行锤度测定,分析了各期茎秆节间锤度的变化规律、各节间锤度与全茎秆锤度的关联性。结果表明:甜高粱茎秆锤度随着生长发育进程的延续而逐渐提高,成熟期达到高峰,高锤度的节间数也相应增多。灌浆期、乳熟期和成熟期3个时期茎秆节间的锤度均呈现低-高-低的变化趋势;节间糖分分布呈抛物线状,茎秆中上部糖分变化活跃且含量较高;辽甜1号和辽甜3号茎秆锤度均以第6节为最高;不同节间锤度与全茎秆锤度标准差变幅呈W型曲线变化趋势;辽甜1号和辽甜3号可分别以节间锤度平均值第(3+9)节间/2和第(4+10)节间/2代表全茎秆锤度。