功能性杂粮膨化食品的研制

选用苦荞、燕麦、杂豆等山西特色杂粮为主要原料,有针对性地强化苦荞的黄酮、燕麦膳食纤维等功能性营养因子,研制出可降低血脂、调节血压和润肠通便等专用系列杂粮膨化保健食品。     

空气温湿度对水稻灌浆及空壳率的影响研究

对1996—2005年10个年份的晚稻孕穗至成熟期的空气温度与相对湿度对水稻空壳率和灌浆影响进行了研究，结果表明：相对湿度对水稻的灌浆速度没有显著影响；灌浆期气温的升高对水稻灌浆速度的增加有显著影响；日最高温度大于或等于30℃的天数对水稻秕粒率的影响是不显著的；但孕穗期至抽穗开花期日最高温度大于或等于30℃的天数对水稻空壳率的影响是极显著的。最后对防御高温危害提出了建议。     

Whole wheat bread: Effect of bran fractions on dough and end-product quality

Consumption of whole-wheat based products is encouraged due to their important nutritional elements that benefit human health. However, the use of whole-wheat flour is limited because of the poor processing and end-product quality. Bran was postulated as the major problem in whole wheat breadmaking. In this study, four major bran components including lipids, extractable phenolics (EP), hydrolysable phenolics (HP), and fiber were evaluated for their specific functionality in flour, dough and bread baking. The experiment was done by reconstitution approach using the 2⁴ factorial experimental layout. Fiber was identified as a main component to have highly significant (P < 0.05) and negative influence on most breadmaking characteristics. Although HP had positive effect on farinograph stability, it was identified as another main factor that negatively impacted the oven spring and bread loaf volume. Bran oil and EP seemed to be detrimental to most breadmaking characteristics. Overall, statistical analysis indicates that influence of the four bran components are highly complex. The bran components demonstrate multi-way interactions in regards to their influence on dough and bread-making characteristics. Particularly, Fiber appeared to have a high degree of interaction with other bran components and notably influenced the functionality of those components in whole wheat bread-making.     

苹果连作土壤加入酒糟可减轻连作障碍

在盆栽条件下,研究了啤酒糟和白酒糟对连作平邑甜茶幼苗生长及其连作土壤中微生物的影响。结果表明,连作土壤添加酒糟可显著提高平邑甜茶幼苗株高、干样质量、鲜样质量等生物量指标。添加酒糟后土壤中细菌、真菌数量与连作土对照相比也有明显提升。通过聚类分析、主成成分分析和多样性分析发现,加入酒糟后土壤中微生物群落结构发生明显变化,且不同酒糟类型和不同酒糟处理方式造成微生物的群落结构不同;由于酒糟自身携带及灭菌酒糟在土壤中滋生的微生物,促使土壤中优势种群的出现,改变了土壤中微生物群落的多样性指数和丰富度指数。对土壤中的层出镰孢菌(Fusarium proliferatum)进行实时荧光定量分析显示,与连作土壤对照中的层出镰孢菌基因拷贝数相比,啤酒糟、白酒糟、灭菌啤酒糟和灭菌白酒糟处理分别降低了39.1%、58.1%、20.9%和39.2%,酒糟灭菌后减弱了对有害菌层出镰孢菌的抑制作用。综上,苹果连作土壤中加入酒糟后,改变了土壤中微生物的群落结构,降低了有害真菌的数量,减轻了苹果连作障碍现象,其中白酒糟效果更好。     

一株纤维降解菌的鉴定及其对酒糟固态发酵效果的研究

为鉴定本实验室前期筛选的一株纤维降解菌,并优化其发酵白酒糟的条件,通过16S rRNA序列分析并结合菌株形态和部分生理生化方法进行菌株鉴定,随后利用该菌进行白酒糟发酵试验.首先采用单因素试验设计,然后根据发酵后白酒糟营养成分变化,确定用于正交试验的各因素水平,在此基础上进行四因素三水平的正交试验设计确定最适发酵条件,最...     

开菲尔粒中一株醋酸菌的分离鉴定

[目的]从开菲尔粒中分离并鉴定醋酸菌,为研究醋酸菌在开菲尔饮品发酵及开菲尔粒形成机理提供理论及技术基础。[方法]将开菲尔粒粉碎后制备成不同稀释浓度的菌悬液,涂布于筛选培养基上,37℃条件下培养7d,挑选单菌落进行形态观察、生理生化试验,并扩增其16SrRNA基因,测序鉴定。[结果]筛选到一株醋酸菌——KAB7。[结论]根据该菌形态观察、生理生化试验结果以及16SrRNA测序比对,鉴定为巴氏醋杆菌巴氏亚种。     

孕穗期不同低温对水稻空壳率的影响

为了降低低温对水稻生产造成的损失,以水稻品种龙稻5号和东农428为材料,采用盆栽种植方式于孕穗期进行低温处理,研究孕穗期低温对水稻空壳率的影响。结果表明:随着低温强度降低及时间延长,水稻空壳率显著增加。水稻品种龙稻5号较东农428更具耐冷性。     

滇型杂交粳稻在旱作条件下的表型特征及其与经济产量相关关系的研究

滇型杂交粳稻的研究与开发在云南高原已有30多年的历史,为云南水稻增产作出了巨大贡献。然而,我们对滇型杂交水稻在旱作条件下的表型特征特性却知之甚少。本研究的主要目的在于鉴定育成滇型杂交稻组合的耐旱特征特性,并对生长速率,其他表型性状与经济产量的相关关系进行研究,以期为滇型杂交稻旱作节水栽培和今后的耐旱育种提供理论依据。试验结果表明,滇型杂交粳稻品种(组合)耐旱性有显著的遗传差异,其中滇杂35产量和结实率均明显高于其它4个参试品种(组合)。小区产量与每穗实粒数和减数分裂期的生长速率相关系数分别为0.96和0.93,达极显著水平,与结实率的相关系数达0.9,为显著水平,表明在以小区产量为目标的育种项目中,使用这些性状可以大大地提高育种效率。     

寒地水稻品种子粒灌浆特性差异及其对结实率的影响

用 L ogistic生长方程 W =K/ (1+ ae-bt)对寒地水稻品种 (系 )强、弱势子粒灌浆过程进行了分析 ,并依配得的 L ogistic方程导出了若干个子粒灌浆特性参数。结果表明 ,强势粒的起始灌浆量、最大灌浆强度高于弱势粒 ,有效灌浆期比弱势粒短 ,最大灌浆速率出现时间和最大灌浆速率期早于弱势粒。强、弱势粒各项灌浆参数均存在品种间差异。相关分析表明 ,强势粒和弱势粒的最大灌浆速率出现时间早、最大灌浆速率期早、平均灌浆强度高 ,弱势粒起始灌浆量大、最大灌浆速率高 ,强弱势粒同步灌浆性强 ;结实率高 ,寒地超高产水稻品种应适当提早抽穗期 ,从而提早弱势粒最大灌浆速率期 ,保证较高结实率水平     

Dynamic Development of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Rice Plant by Artificial Inoculation in the Greenhouse

A study was done on the relationship between Aphelenchoides besseyi and the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. This is an important rice disease in Jiangsu Province, China. A. besseyi was extracted from small grains and erect panicles and cultured artificially, and then inoculated into bud and leaf sheaths of seedlings of two Oryza sativa cultivars, namely Zhendao 2 and Wuyunjing 7 in a greenhouse. The effect on rice growth, in particular the small grains and erect panicles, was revealed by the extent of the disease, seed expansion stages, nematode load, and nematode mortality. In contrast to healthy seedlings, the height, length, and the numbers of spikelets of unhealthy panicles of Zhendao 2 were decreased by 6.7, 16.4, and 13.5%, respectively. Before anthesis, nematodes were attracted to the leaf sheath and apical meristem, nematode load increased by 40%; after anthesis, nematodes occurred in spikelets principally and the number increased by 90.8%. The percentages of infected seeds and nematode load were highest in plump seeds and lowest in empty seeds. Nematode mortality on grain with normal endosperm was lower than seeds with abnormal endosperm. Results indicated that A. besseyi was the pathogen in rice with the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. Wuyunjing 7 manifests only the small grains and erect panicles symptoms and not the symptoms of leaf white-tip. These symptoms of small grains and erect panicles are new symptom records for the disease caused by A. besseyi on rice.