Effect of solid state fermentation by Enterococcus faecalis M2 on antioxidant and nutritional properties of wheat bran

Wheat bran is the main by-product during wheat flour processing. Although wheat bran is rich in the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity, it is not widely utilized in its natural state. To improve the antioxidant and nutritional properties of wheat bran, a dominant strain, Enterococcus faecalis M2, was screened from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from various foods. Following solid state fermentation, the soluble dietary fiber content of wheat bran nearly quadrupled compared to the raw material. Total proportion of phenols, flavonoids, alkylresorcinols, along with the antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging rate were significantly improved, particularly the ferulic acid content increased by 5.5 times. Additionally, the free amino acid content increased with degradation of wheat bran protein, whereas the level of anti-nutrient phytic acid decreased. The results of this study could provide an effective method for biological modification of wheat bran, which further enhance the health benefit and utilization of bran.     

配施不同比例花生麸肥对烤烟产质量的效应研究

通过设置不同比例的花生麸肥与化肥配施处理,研究花生麸肥配施对烟株生长及烘烤后烟叶品质的影响。结果表明：30%~40%的花生麸与化肥配施的烟株较高,茎径较粗,叶面积较大,叶片数较多;烟叶含钾量、总糖、烟碱、蛋白质等化学成分趋于协调,氮碱比更接近于1,糖碱比接近8~10,施木克值在2.5左右,达到优质烟比例范围;产量、产值、上等烟比例较对照（CK1）和当地推荐施肥（CK2）分别提高了21.64%和32.36%、22.04%和38.77%、60.52%和8.93%。     

热压凝胶法制备营养质构米及其营养性质研究

为弥补食用精白米导致营养不良的状况,以大米加工过程中产生的碎米作为原料和载体,产生的米糠作为天然营养强化剂,采取热压凝胶法制备营养质构米。在预试验的基础上,采用响应面法考察热压凝胶过程条件包括喂料含水率,螺杆转速,5个加热区机筒温度对营养质构米的质构和营养特性的影响,得出制备最佳工艺条件:当喂料转速为30r/min,米糠添加量为4%,物料含水率为30%,螺杆转速为17.7r/min,5个区机筒温度分别为50,65,85,100,95～97℃。在此条件下制备的营养质构米含有质量分数总膳食纤维11.44%,蛋白质11.62%,脂肪6.49%,而维生素为B12.07μg/g,维生素B20.31μg/g和γ-谷维素12.04mg/100g。相比于天然精白米,质构特性相近,但维生素B1,维生素B2,γ-谷维素分别增加了1.17,0.06,5.83μg/g,为营养质构米工业化生产提供参考。     

添加麸皮与纤维素酶对笋壳青贮后氰甙含量的影响

[目的]研究添加麸皮与纤维素酶对笋壳青贮后氰甙含量的影响。[方法]采用异烟酸—吡唑啉酮比色法研究添加麸皮与纤维素酶对笋壳青贮后氰甙含量的影响。[结果]添加麸皮与纤维素酶均可降低笋壳青贮后的氰甙含量。麸皮添加水平越高,青贮笋壳毒性越低,当麸皮添加水平为15%时笋壳青贮后氰甙含量最低。[结论]该研究可为笋壳饲料的资源化利用提供理论依据。     

Effect of genetic variation on phenolic acid and policosanol contents of Pegaso wheat lines

Total phenolic acid and policosanol contents and compositions of bran from an Italian bread wheat variety Pegaso and its 11 near-isogenic lines were measured. The near-isogenic wheat lines differed at one or more loci coding for storage proteins. The genetic variation included deletions, additions and/or combinations of variations. Almost 95% or more of phenolic acids were in the bound form. Ferulic acid was the predominant bound phenolic acid present in wheat bran samples. Other phenolic acids were p-coumaric, vanillic and syringic acids. Tetracosanol, docosanol, hexacosanol, octacosanol, tricosanol and heneicosanol were found as major policosanol compounds in their decreasing order. Highly significant genotypic differences were observed in total phenolic acid and policosanol concentrations. None of the genetic lines had higher phenolic acid contents than the parent line Pegaso, whereas some of the lines had more policosanol levels. In general, both total phenolic acid composition and contents were higher with genetic lines that varied at Glu-1 loci with 2+Dy high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) (Pegaso 184), variation at Gli-D2 loci (Pegaso 219) and single null A1 (variation at Gli-1/Glu-3 loci; Pegaso 30). Highest total policosanol content was observed with the double null at Glu-A1/Glu-D1 loci (Pegaso 236). These findings may lead to new opportunities for wheat breeders and eventually commercial wheat growers to promote the production of wheat with enhanced levels of health beneficial compounds.     

麦麸提取γ-氨基丁酸工艺的优选

以麦麸为材料,通过正交试验,探讨了提取介质、温度和时间对提取γ-氨基丁酸含量的影响。结果表明,麦麸中提取γ-氨基丁酸的最佳条件为:以水为提取介质(pH=7.0),温度37℃、抽提6 h,每克麦麸可提取到γ-氨基丁酸3.810 mg。     

糖蜜和米糠对香蕉茎叶青贮饲料品质的影响

【目的】考察单独或联合添加糖蜜和米糠对香蕉茎叶青贮饲料品质的影响,为寻找出便于推广应用的青贮发酵方法提供参考依据。【方法】在对香蕉茎叶进行青贮发酵时,分别设添加4%乳酸菌（LAB组）、4%乳酸菌＋4%糖蜜（糖蜜组）、4%乳酸菌＋4%米糠（米糠组）、4%乳酸菌＋4%糖蜜＋4%米糠（混合组）4个处理组及不添加任何辅料的对照组,青贮30 d后对各青贮饲料品质指标进行测定分析。【结果】与对照组相比,4个处理组青贮饲料的发酵品质明显提高,其感官评分均高于51分,达到良好或优等青贮饲料的标准。其中,添加米糠（米糠组、混合组）可降低青贮饲料的水分含量,提高粗蛋白含量;添加糖蜜（糖蜜组、混合组）可明显改善青贮饲料的感官品质,提高蛋白质含量,降低pH、氨态氮和单宁含量;联合添加糖蜜与米糠（混合组）不仅显著提高了青贮饲料的干物质和粗蛋白含量,还有效降低了氨态氮、粗纤维和单宁含量,呈协同作用。【结论】复合添加乳酸菌、糖蜜和米糠能改善香蕉茎叶青贮饲料品质,显著提高青贮饲料的消化利用率和营养价值。     

进口小麦麸皮霉菌总数不确定度的评定

以测定进口哈萨克斯坦小麦麸皮中霉菌总数为例,建立了数学模型,计算出霉菌总数测量扩展不确定度为0．2810。由于霉菌总数各批之间测量结果散发极大,因此,哈萨克斯坦进口小麦麸皮霉菌总数测量结果的不确定度提供95％的置信概率,取值区间为2．3×10^2≤x≤8．4×10^2。     

超临界CO_2萃取燕麦麸油的工艺研究

采用超临界CO2流体萃取技术从燕麦麸皮中萃取燕麦麸油,考察了萃取压力、温度、时间对麸油提取率的影响.结果表明:3因素对麸油萃取率影响的主次顺序依次为:萃取温度>萃取压力>萃取时间。通过正交试验确定了萃取燕麦麸油的最佳工艺条件:萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度40℃,萃取时间2 h,在此工艺条件下燕麦麸油提取率为5.45%,且其理化指标优于米糠油.     

热稳定脱脂米糠蛋白质碳水化合物酶-蛋白酶分步提取法酶的筛选和条件优化

热稳定脱脂米糠(HDRB)中蛋白质已严重变性,采用常规方法很难提取其中蛋白质。本研究其目的在于评价不同碳水化合物酶和蛋白质水解酶组合在HDRB蛋白质提取的作用,以及利用响应曲面方法优化蛋白质提取组合条件。结果发现使用果胶酶P-Ⅱ处理HDRB,继后对其残渣进行蛋白酶P处理,蛋白质提取率可达到80%。采用中心成分回归设计进一步对果胶酶P-Ⅱ、蛋白酶P、水糠比、温度、pH、提取时间进行RSM优化,最大蛋白质提取率可达到89%。本研究为合理利用米糠蛋白及利用米糠蛋白制备功能性短肽提供了可靠的方法。