不同浓度蜂蜡涂膜剂对台湾青枣保鲜效果的影响

以浙江台州地区的脆蜜台湾青枣为试材,研究不同浓度的蜂蜡涂膜剂处理对常温(10~15℃)条件下台湾青枣贮藏保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:在试验范围内,1‰和2‰浓度的蜂蜡涂膜剂处理台湾青枣果实的保鲜效果均好于对照(不涂膜),其中以2‰浓度的蜂蜡涂膜剂处理保鲜效果最好,可以明显控制果实的失水,降低呼吸强度,延缓可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的下降速率,贮藏15 d好果率接近70%,显著高于对照。     

Acaricides and their residues in Spanish commercial beeswax

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this work was to determine residues of acaricides in recycled Spanish beeswax. RESULTS: Chlorfenvinphos, fluvalinate, amitraz, bromopropylate, acrinathrin, flumethrin, coumaphos, chlorpyrifos, chlordimeform, endosulfan and malathion residues were determined by GC‐µECD/NPD/MS detection. Owing to the extreme instability of amitraz, this analyte was transformed into the stable end‐metabolite 2,4‐dimethylaniline, later derivatised with heptafluorobutyric anhydride and determined by GC‐µECD/MS. Recoveries from spiked samples ranged from 86 to 108%, while quantification limits varied from 0.10 to 0.30 mg kg^?1 using GC‐µECD/NPD, and from 12 to 85 µg kg^?1 by GC‐MSD. Of a total of 197 samples analysed, only eight samples (4%) were free of residues of chlorfenvinphos (0.019–10.6 mg kg^?1), fluvalinate was present in 93.6% of samples analysed (0.027 –88.7 mg kg^?1), while coumaphos was confirmed in only five of the 134 samples analysed at concentrations of less than 195 µg kg^?1. The remaining acaricides were identified with different levels of incidence at concentrations from 12 to 231 µg kg^?1. CONCLUSIONS: Residues of acaricides were found in an extensive number of beeswax samples. The contamination with chlorfenvinphos and tau‐fluvalinate was very relevant, particularly as chlorfenvinphos is not legally authorised for use in beekeeping. The possible impacts of the main acaricides detected on larval and adult honey bees are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

替代柑橘聚乙烯薄膜单果套袋的涂膜剂研发及保鲜效果评价

【背景】 聚乙烯薄膜单果套袋是目前我国最为常用的柑橘贮藏期保鲜方式,近50年来在全国大范围应用。近年来聚乙烯薄膜果袋因使用后回收难带来的环境污染问题引起全社会广泛关注,且由于柑橘单果套袋主要依赖手工完成,导致劳动力日益紧缺、生产成本逐年上升等问题日益凸显。因此,研发一种能替代聚乙烯薄膜的新型涂膜材料,实现柑橘保鲜生产向全程机械化转型是产业的重大需求。【目的】 研发以小烛树蜡及蜂蜡为基础的“BC”（Beeswax-Candelilla Wax Coating）涂膜剂配方,并用于处理温州蜜柑果实,评价其保鲜效果以及替代聚乙烯薄膜单果套袋的可行性。【方法】 选择最优比小烛树蜡、蜂蜡和甘油组合涂膜剂,以成熟‘尾张’温州蜜柑果实为试验材料,进行套袋或涂膜处理。对处理后的果实在不同时间节点检测以下指标：果实失重率、硬度、色差、果汁总可溶性固形物（TSS）/可滴定酸（TA）含量、果皮总酚总黄酮含量、呼吸强度、果实内部气体成分和异味物质含量,并用气相质谱仪检测不同处理果皮初生代谢物含量。扫描电镜观察处理后果面蜡质形态;同时对光泽度、异味、风味、出汁量、甜度、酸度和总体满意度等指标进行感官评价。【结果】 BC涂膜剂处理温州蜜柑果实常温贮藏28 d后,果实失重率从22.62%显著降低到3.83%;同时延缓硬度与色差值的变化,延缓果实内部TSS和TA含量变化,提高果皮总酚、总黄酮及初生代谢物含量。果实内部CO₂浓度适度升高,呼吸强度从43.36 mL·kg^-1·h^-1显著降低到16.75 mL·kg^-1·h^-1;较对照处理而言,BC处理还增强了果实感官品质,总体满意度从3.09提升至3.69。除异味物质、呼吸强度外,其他各项指标检测结果均表明BC与套袋处理无显著性差异,但BC处理的果实中乙醇含量（777.9 mg·L^-1）显著低于人类感知阈值水平（1 500 mg·L^-1）及商业涂膜剂处理后的浓度（2 021.2 mg·L^-1）。【结论】 BC涂膜剂保水性能良好,涂膜处理后与套袋果实相比,果实的内部品质、外观品质以及测定的各项生化指标均无显著性差异。而且涂膜处理与果实采后加工分选线兼容性好,可实现在线打蜡处理,生产效率高,生产用工少。综上表明BC涂膜具备替代套袋保鲜作用。     

蜂蜡涂膜剂保鲜南丰蜜桔的研究初探

用蜂蜡涂膜剂对南丰蜜桔进行涂膜处理.在室温条件下贮藏保鲜.测定了果实腐烂率、失重率、可溶性固形物、vc、可滴定酸、总糖、呼吸强度等指标的变化,并与未经涂膜的进行对比,以试验比较蜂蜡涂膜剂保鲜对延长南丰蜜桔货架期的可行性及其效果.实验结果表明:蜂蜡涂膜剂保鲜效果明显优于未经涂膜的对照组.     

Photoprotection for deltamethrin using chitosan-coated beeswax solid lipid nanoparticles

BACKGROUND: In the natural environment, photodegradation is one of the most common degradative processes of pesticides. In order to reduce the photodegradation of pesticides, and so increase their killing activity against target pests, chitosan‐coated beeswax solid lipid nanoparticles (CH‐BSLNs) were prepared by a combination of hot homogenization and sonication, with deltamethrin as an active ingredient. RESULTS: Under optimal conditions, the highest encapsulation efficiency (95%) and a high payload of deltamethrin (approximately 12.5%) were achieved. In direct photolysis, in the case of CH‐BSLNs after UV irradiation for 24 h, 37.3% of deltamethrin remained, as opposed to only 14.6% of the free‐form deltamethrin. In addition, in indirect photolysis, in the case of CH‐BSLNs after UV irradiation for 2 h in 2% acetone solution, approximately 74.5% of deltamethrin remained, as opposed to only 37.6% of the free‐form deltamethrin. CONCLUSION: CH‐BSLNs showed good protection for deltamethrin against photodegradation. This novel nanocarrier may be useful in crop protection as an economical strategy to enhance the effect of pesticides in the field and protect the environment as well. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

中、西蜂蜂蜡理化指标分析及蜂蜡标准化建议

本文对不同来源的中、西蜂蜂蜡样品中的杂质含量、碳氢化合物含量、密度、熔点、折光率、酸值、皂化值、酯值、碘值、总黄酮等10项理化指标进行了测定,并对蜂蜡质量指标项目的确定、质量指标值的调整等方面提出了建议。     

不同涂膜处理对樱桃番茄保鲜效果的影响

以樱桃番茄为试材,以大豆分离蛋白(SPI)、蜂蜡、芦荟原汁等不同组合作为涂膜材料对樱桃番茄进行涂膜处理,通过测定樱桃番茄的失重率、硬度、颜色、可溶性固形物含量和pH等指标,研究不同涂膜处理对樱桃番茄保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,2%大豆分离蛋白+30%芦荟原汁+0.2%蜂蜡复合涂膜可以降低樱桃番茄失重率,有效维持番茄果实的硬度、颜色、可溶性固形物含量及pH,对樱桃番茄的保鲜具有明显效果。     

日光化蜡器化蜡效果观察

蜂蜡是养蜂业主要副产品之一,本次实验通过利用新型日光化蜡器融化蜂蜡,旨在原有化蜡方法基础之上,融入新能源理念,探索更便捷、卫生的化蜡方法.实验结果显示,日光化蜡器需在晴朗天气,当外界太阳辐射量达到889w/m2以上,化蜡器内温度超过62.0℃时,蜂蜡开始融化,且0.5h能收集到融化的蜂蜡;日光化蜡器化蜡时与外界太阳辐射...     

可食性大豆蛋白膜的研制及在切分西瓜保鲜上的应用

以大豆分离蛋白（SPI）膜为基材,蜂蜡、甘油为改性剂,研究新型生物保鲜膜的制备及其对切分西瓜保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,蜂蜡和甘油的改性作用可提高SPI膜的抗张强度（TS）和表面接触角,降低水蒸气透过率（WVP）和断裂延伸率。其中,蜂蜡和甘油最佳添加量分别为6%和40%,WVP值（200.9±13.18）g.m-2·d-1,比未添加蜂蜡的对照膜降低28.9%,TS值（4.27±0.48）MPa,比对照提高54.7%。应用改性的大豆蛋白膜包装的切分西瓜在4℃保鲜3 d时,失重率仅1%,并可有效保持番茄红素含量。