Comparative effect of advanced soy products or corn protein concentrate with porcine meal on growth,body composition,and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano,Trachinotus carolinus

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of diets containing advanced soy products (enzyme‐treated soy and fermented soy) or corn protein concentrate (CPC) in combination with porcine meal (PM) to completely replace poultry byproduct meal (PBM) on growth performance, body composition, and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. Four experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic, to contain 400 g/kg crude protein and 80 g/kg lipid. A reference diet (PBM diet [PBMD]) contained 150 g/kg PBM and 495 g/kg soybean meal (SBM), and three test diets were formulated replacing PBM with 15 g/kg of CPC (CPC diet [CPCD]) or replacing all SBM and PBM with 535 g/kg fermented soy (fermented soybean meal diet [FSBMD]) or 451.3 g/kg enzyme‐treated soy (enzyme‐treated soybean meal diet [ESBMD]). All three test diets were supplemented with 38 g/kg of PM. Diets were fed based on a percentage of bodyweight adjusted after sampling the fish every 2 weeks to triplicate groups of Florida pompano juveniles (mean weight 8.06 ± 0.22 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish fed CPCD and ESBMD performed equally well in terms of final body weight, thermal growth coefficient, and percentage weight gain in comparison to fish fed PBMD. In all cases, feeding FSBMD resulted in poor feed conversion and lower feed intake compared to other treatments. Protein retention efficiency, whole‐body proximate composition, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and zinc contents were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. The results obtained in the present histological study showed no significant differences in the thickness of serous layer, muscular layer, and submucosal layer of the intestine among treatments. Fish fed CPCD showed a significant widening of the lamina propria with an increase of cellular infiltration and higher presence of goblet cells compared to other dietary treatment. Based on these results, 451 g/kg ESBM or combination of 150 g/kg of CPC and 495 g/kg SBM supplemented with 38 g/kg PM can be utilized to develop a practical diet for juvenile Florida pompano without impacting growth, nutritive parameters, and several distal intestine health parameters.     

Replacing Soybean Meal with Alternative Protein Sources in Diets for Pond‐raised Hybrid Catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus

The present study investigated the replacement of soybean meal with combinations of two or three alternative protein sources in diets for pond‐raised hybrid catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus. Alternative protein sources evaluated included cottonseed meal, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), peanut meal, and porcine meat and bone meal (PMBM). Hybrid catfish fingerlings with a mean initial weight of 35 g/fish were stocked into 25 earthen ponds (0.04 ha) at a density of 14,826 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation for 166 d. No significant differences were observed for total diet fed, net yield, weight gain, survival, carcass yield, fillet yield, or fillet proximate composition among dietary treatments. Results show soybean meal may be completely replaced by combinations of cottonseed meal and one or two other alternative protein sources including DDGS, peanut meal, and PMBM in the diet without markedly affecting production and processing characteristics and fillet proximate composition of pond‐raised hybrid catfish. These alternative diets may be used during foodfish production when prices are favorable.     

磷化铝间歇熏蒸防治鱼粉螨类的研究

本研究介绍了饲料鱼粉螨类的有效防治方法．采用11．5g／m2的磷化铝片剂，分两次间歇熏蒸大量孳生螨类和昆虫的棉纱布袋和编织袋包装的鱼粉，达到了有效杀灭鱼粉中大量孳生的粉尘螨、跗蠊螨、齿蠊螨、河野脂螨、食根嗜木螨、马六甲肉食螨、转开肉食螨、特氏肉食螨等8种螨类和烟草甲、白腹皮蠹、拟白腹皮蠹、赤颈郭公虫、赤足郭公虫、黑菌虫的效果。     

以甜菜粕取代小麦的全混合颗粒饲料对羔羊瘤胃pH值的影响

本试验选用24只3-3.5月龄的波德代(♂)×蒙古羊(♀)和陶赛特(♂6)×蒙古羊(♀)杂交一代羔羊,按2×2×2因子设计,研究了两个营养水平下以高果胶的甜菜粕取代小麦的全混合颗粒饲料对两种羔羊瘤胃pH值的影响。结果表明,低营养水平组的pH值显著高于高营养水平组(P=0.015);食后4 h(P-0.019)、6 h(P=0.009)的pH值在营养水平和饲料间存在互作,高营养水平组,小麦组羔羊的瘤胃液pH高于甜菜粕组,而低营养水平组、甜菜粕组的pH高于小麦组;羊品种对pH值无影响。     

豆粕对乌鳢肠道菌群组成及微生物氨基酸代谢酶活性的影响

为研究豆粕替代鱼粉对乌鳢生长、肠道菌群组成和微生物相关氨基酸代谢酶活性的影响,分别用豆粕替代0、25%、50%和75%的鱼粉配制4组等氮等能的饲料饲喂初始体质量为(8.65±0.25) g的幼鱼(分别命名为G1、G2、G3和G4组),养殖实验在室内纤维玻璃钢桶中进行,实验周期为21 d。结果显示,各组间幼鱼成活率无显著性差异;G4组乌鳢幼鱼的生长性能显著低于G1和G2组,而G3组幼鱼生长性能与其余3组差异不显著。厚壁菌门在G1和G2组乌鳢肠道中的比例显著高于G3组,且在G4组中的比例最低;变形菌门在G1和G2组中的比例显著低于G3和G4组;G4组中乳球菌属、杆菌属、假单胞菌属、链球菌属、芽孢杆菌属和不动杆菌属的比例显著低于其余3组。另外,G4组幼鱼肠道微生物谷丙转氨酶、腺苷脱氨酶活性显著高于其余3组,而G1组乳酸脱氢酶的活性最高。研究表明,豆粕替代鱼粉除了对乌鳢幼鱼的生长产生影响外,也显著影响了肠道微生物组成及微生物相关氨基酸代谢酶的活性,本研究结果对于从微生态角度进一步理解豆粕在乌鳢配合饲料中的应用提供了理论依据和参考。     

低鱼粉饲料中添加酶解豆粕对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和抗胁迫机能的影响

为研究在养殖过程中降低鱼粉用量的同时保持凡纳滨对虾良好的生长性能和抗逆能力,实验在含10%鱼粉的基础饲料中,分别添加酶解豆粕(PSM) 0%(A)、2.5%(B)、3.5%(C)、4.5%(D)、5.5%(E)制成5组等氮等能饲料,分别投喂初始体质量为(0.45±0.02) g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾8周,检测对虾生长性能及抗胁迫机能。结果显示,8周养殖实验结束后,各实验组对虾的终末体质量为14.65～15.38 g/尾,各组间对虾终末均重、成活率和饲料系数指标均无显著性差异;A组对虾肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于其他各实验组;C组、D组和E组对虾肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于A组;各组间灰分和水分均无显著性差异;D组和E组对虾肝胰腺蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、血清溶菌酶和血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性(T-SOD)均显著高于A组;A组对虾血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于D组和E组。人工急性感染高剂量副溶血性弧菌的胁迫实验中,A组对虾在弧菌感染48和60 h时的累积死亡率均显著高于D组对虾同期的累积死亡率;低剂量副溶血性弧菌人工急性感染后,在凡纳滨对虾鳃组织中检测Toll受体、免疫缺陷(IMD)和溶菌酶3种免疫相关基...     

发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长、饲料利用和消化酶活力的影响

为研究发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长、饲料效率、表观消化率和消化酶活力的影响,以枯草芽孢杆菌有氧发酵豆粕替代部分鱼粉配置5组等氮、等能的实验饲料。发酵豆粕的添加量为0%(FM组)、10%(FSM10组)、15%(FSM20组)、20%(FSM30组)、25%(FSM40组),分别替代0%、10%、20%、30%、40%的鱼粉。初始体质量(19.83±0.33) g的大口黑鲈,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,每天饲喂2次(7:00和17:00),养殖75 d。结果显示：各组饲料系数无显著性差异,FSM20和FSM30组的均末重和特定生长率显著高于其他各组;各组蛋白质效率无显著性差异,FSM组的摄食量显著高于FM组,FSM40组的蛋白质沉积率和脂肪沉积率显著低于其他组;各组全鱼粗蛋白无显著性差异,在FSM20组出现最大值;FSM组的全鱼粗脂肪显著低于FM组;各组之间的蛋白质消化率和脂肪消化率无显著性差异,FSM30和FSM40的干物质表观消化率显著低于其他组;低于15%(FSM20组)替代,FSM组与FM组的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力无显著差异。     

中华绒螯蟹对赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和精氨酸的需要量

为探究饲料中辅酶渣替代鱼粉对中华绒螯蟹生长性能、健康情况和肠道菌群的影响,以中华绒螯蟹幼蟹 (0.70±0.01g)为研究对象,分别以等蛋白的辅酶渣替代基础饲料中鱼粉的0% (对照组,含20%鱼粉)、20%、40%、60%、80%、100% (记为C、T20、T40、T60、T80、T100)的饲料投喂8周。结果显示,与C组相比,T40组生长性能无显著改变,T60组肌肉粗蛋白含量显著降低。T80组、T100组生长性能、体粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著降低;与C组相比,替代组血清谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、谷草转氨酶 (AST)、碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)、甘油三酯 (TG)水平未见显著差异,总蛋白水平 (TP)在T100组显著降低。血清葡萄糖 (Glu)在替代组中显著降低。T60、T80、T100组的血清总胆固醇 (T-CHO)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-C)含量显著降低,T80、T100组的血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C)含量显著降低;与C组相比,各替代组肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性无显著差异,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px)活性显著上升,T100组丙二醛 (MDA)含量显著降低;C、T40、T80组肠道菌群α多样性指数无显著差异,主坐标分析显示T80组蟹肠道菌群组成较C组发生改变。研究表明,辅酶渣替代饲料中40%的鱼粉对幼蟹的生长、抗氧化能力、肠道菌群无负面影响,但当替代比例超过80%时将导致幼蟹的生长性能下降、营养物质积累减少和肠道菌群稳态发生改变。

     

天冬氨酸消旋化程度评价鱼粉蛋白质鲜度的可行性探究

鱼粉是水产饲料的主要蛋白来源,在其加工过程中(尤其是酸、碱和/或热处理条件),蛋白质中的L-氨基酸很容易发生构型异构而消旋转化为D-氨基酸。多种D-氨基酸对动物营养不利或有毒,易损害细胞功能或降低动物生长性能,危害水产养殖动物的生长和健康。天冬氨酸是所有氨基酸中对热处理或强碱处理引起消旋化作用最敏感的氨基酸,所以测定鱼粉蛋白质中D-天冬氨酸的含量,可作为鱼粉中蛋白质营养价值的有效评价指标。本文主要介绍了常规鱼粉鲜度评价指标及其存在的问题,阐述了天冬氨酸作为鱼粉蛋白质鲜度评价的方法,同时总结了D-天冬氨酸含量与鱼粉营养价值的关系,以说明了天冬氨酸消旋化程度评价鱼粉蛋白鲜度的可行性。     

混菌发酵生产富肽蛋白饲料工艺条件的研究

利用枯草芽胞杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌混合发酵生产富肽蛋白饲料,通过单因素和响应面分析试验对其工艺条件进行了研究,选择接菌比例(枯草芽胞杆菌:产朊假丝酵母)为3:1,发酵36h。最佳发酵条件为:发酵温度33℃,装料量40g,原料初始含水率为62%,拌料水的pH值为自来水的自然pH值。在此条件下测得三氯乙酸可溶性氮(TCA-NSI)含量达到33.61%。