S195—1型低背压排气消声器的设计研究

本文以内燃机排气噪声必需的消声量频率特性作为设计消声器的依据,论述了扩张室式和穿孔板复合消声器的设计.试验表明,采用这种新型复合消声器后,S195柴油机排气噪声得到了有效控制.     

柠檬桉,蚬木硝酸还原酶活力的比较

柠檬桉9年生单株的材积是蚬木的32.1倍。经不同浓度KNO_3、不同光照强度诱导后,柠檬桉不同叶龄叶的NR(硝酸还原酶)活力均明显高于蚬木。柠檬桉成年树中龄叶片NR活力提高的速度在4h内比蚬木的快2.3倍,而蚬木的NR活力衰减速率在4h内比柠檬桉的快35％。在不同浓度KNO_3溶液中,柠檬桉幼苗吸收NO_3~-量是蚬木的3～10倍,柠檬桉幼苗NO_3~-溢泌量是蚬木的3倍左右。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒肾致病株的致弱及免疫研究

用已鉴定的广西鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)分离株G,C,Z和Q分别通过鸡胚传代进行致弱,在一定代次时分别接种敏感鸡作毒力测定试验.然后用已致弱的毒株在实验室进行攻击保护试验,最后取已致弱而且抗原性良好的毒株在广西各地鸡场进行田间应用试验。结果表明,C株在传至40代时,G,Z和Q株分别传至20代时对鸡的毒性均已大大降低;免疫鸡用标准强毒株(M_(41))攻击,然后用病毒回收的技术来衡量其免疫力,结果各株经免疫两次后均有很好的保护率(60％～100％),均显著优于对照组(P<0.01);致弱株分别在南宁、柳州、容县、岑溪和博自5县市的11个鸡场进行田间试验,试验的鸡有30群共103761羽,试验时分别对疫苗免疫对鸡生产性能的影响、安全性和育成率进行观察和测算,结果表明,作者培育的IBV弱毒苗对鸡是安全的,使用C_(60)或C_(80)和G_(20)株先后两次免疫鸡,对IB有较好预防效果,这些弱毒株有希望成为供生产使用的疫苗。     

草鱼出血病病毒减毒的研究

草鱼出血病病毒ＧＣＨＶ－８２９野毒株在ＰＳＦ细胞连续传代过程,于培养液中加入一定浓度的桉液,传至１９代已达减毒目的,继续传至２９代其减毒效果保持稳定,２７代后不再加入桉液,继续传至３７代其减毒效果仍然保持稳定不变。致弱病毒对草鱼的安全性好,免疫原性强,用该弱毒株制备的弱毒疫苗免疫草鱼后,草鱼的成活率和免疫保护率均达１００％,表明桉液的草鱼出血病病毒的一种良好减毒剂,经桉液减毒的ＧＣＨＡＶ－８９２是     

鸭坦布苏病毒鸡胚弱化毒株的选育

【目的】将鸭坦布苏病毒BZ_2010株在SPF鸡胚上进行连续传代致弱,旨在选育安全性高、免疫原性好的活疫苗候选毒株。【方法】以SPF鸡胚为增殖宿主,将BZ_2010株连续传代,直至第120代,以1日龄雏鸭和30周龄的产蛋种鸭为试验对象,对第120代次毒株（命名为VC2）的安全性进行评价;以1d雏鸭为试验对象,对VC2株的返强情况进行评价;以18周龄的种鸭为试验对象,对VC2株免疫后的中和抗体进行监测;以25周龄的种鸭为试验对象,对VC2株免疫后的保护效果进行评价;利用RT-PCR方法分别扩增BZ_2010株和VC2株的E基因和NS4A基因,进行测序分析。【结果】传代病毒对鸡胚的平均死亡时间逐渐缩短,而病毒毒价有逐渐提高的趋势,ELD50由第20代的10^-5.3/0.1mL提高到第120代的10^-5.8/0.1mL,而且第80代之前提高较快,后期基本稳定。将VC2株通过颈部皮下接种1d雏鸭和肌肉接种30周龄产蛋种鸭,接种后试验鸭无异常临床表现,肝脏也无明显病理变化,这说明VC2株具有良好的安全性。将VC2在1d雏鸭进行连续5次传代,未发现试验鸭有任何异常症状,将第5代组织悬液接种1d雏鸭,采集肝脏进行病理切片观察,发现无明显病理变化,这说明VC2株具有良好的稳定性。基因测序分析结果显示,VC2株 E蛋白的第86、157、189、301和312位氨基酸发生改变,而NS4A蛋白只有一个氨基酸发生突变,即第54位氨基酸由F变为L。VC2免疫种鸭后抗体水平上升很快,第4周即可达到高峰,并且维持较长时间;VC2免疫后于第2周和第50周利用强毒株进行攻毒试验,结果VC2免疫组在攻毒后未出现异常症状,粪便正常,产蛋率保持正常,这说明VC2株免疫可对强毒株的攻击产生完全保护。【结论】本研究通过鸡胚连续传代成功获得了一株安全性高、免疫原性好的鸭坦布苏病毒鸡胚弱化毒株。VC2免疫种鸭后抗体水平上升很快,可维持较长时间。攻毒试验结果表明,VC2株免疫可对强毒株的攻击产生完全保护。     

Comparative analysis on cable shielding effectiveness test by absorbing clamp method and line injection method

为分析功率吸收钳法和线注入法电缆屏蔽效能测试方法的可比较性,进行了2种测试方法测试结果关系的推导与分析.介绍了功率吸收钳法和线注入法电缆屏蔽性能测试的原理,推导了表征电缆屏蔽性能的屏蔽衰减与转移阻抗两参数间的关系,利用该关系进行功率吸收钳法和线注入法电缆屏蔽性能测试数据比较分析,结果表明:截止频率以下,由于线注入法受试电缆为电短,屏蔽衰减与电缆长度相关,2种测试方法测试结果不一致;截止频率以上,线注入法与功率吸收钳法受试电缆均为电长,测试结果一致.功率吸收钳法和线注入法测试结果相互关联,2种测试方法具有可比较性.     

Evolutionary characteristics of morbilliviruses during serial passages in vitro: Gradual attenuation of virus virulence

The genus Morbillivirus is classified into the family Paramyxoviridae, and is composed of 6 members, namely measles virus (MV), rinderpest virus (RPV), peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV), canine distemper virus (CDV), phocine distemper virus (PDV) and cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV). The MV, RPV, PPRV and CDV have been successfully attenuated through their serial passages in vitro for the production of live vaccines. It has been demonstrated that the morbilliviral virulence in animals was progressively attenuated with their consecutive passages in vitro. However, only a few reports were involved in explanation of an attenuation-related mechanism on them until many years after the establishment of a quasispecies theory. RNA virus quasispecies arise from rapid evolution of viruses with high mutation rate during genomic replication, and play an important role in gradual loss of viral virulence by serial passages. Here, we overviewed the development of live-attenuated vaccine strains against morbilliviruses by consecutive passages in vitro, and further discussed a related mechanism concerning the relationship between virulence attenuation and viral evolution.     

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC QUANTIFICATION OF CANINE ADRENAL GLAND VOLUME AND ATTENUATION

We conducted a retrospective study in presumed normal dogs to determine the adrenal gland attenuation and volume values. Multidetector computer tomography (MDCT 16) analysis of the gland was carried out in 48 adult dogs without evidence of adrenal gland disease that underwent CT examination for acute spinal injuries. The mean nonenhanced attenuation value +/- SD of the left adrenal gland was 36.0 +/- 5.3 HU (range: 22.0-42.0 HU). The mean nonenhanced attenuation value +/- SD of the right gland was 34.3 +/- 7.0 HU (range: 20.4-48.6HU). The mean enhanced attenuation value +/- SD were: left gland 101.5 +/- 10.6HU (range: 86.8-128.0 HU), and right gland 97.4 +/- 12.4 HU (range: 58.9-123.6 HU). The mean CT volume +/- SD were: left gland was 0.60 cm3 (range: 0.20-0.95; SD 0.17), and right gland (0.55cm3, range: 0.22-1.01; SD 0.19). Attenuation values and volume data were related to age, weight, and gender, using ANOVA. There was no statistically significant difference between the left and right side or in adrenal measurements, because of body weight class effects. The animal effect was the most important source of variation for all adrenal measurements. Based on our study, CT is an effective method for assessing adrenal characteristics in the dog. Normative CT data are provided to allow estimation of normal adrenal gland size and volume.     

A COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF VOLUME AND X-RAY ATTENUATION OF THE LUNGS OF BEAGLES IN VARIOUS BODY POSITIONS

The influence of body position on volume and x-ray attenuation of the lungs of three Beagles was investigated with computed tomography. In left and right lateral recumbency, the dependent lung had decreased volume and increased x-ray attenuation compared with ventral recumbency. Volume and x-ray attenuation of the nondependent lung, however, were unchanged. In dorsal recumbency, there was a vertical gradient of x-ray attenuation being increased dorsally and decreased ventrally compared with ventral recumbency where regional differences in x-ray attenuation were not found. Results indicate a risk of overlooking a mass in the dependent pulmonary parenchyma of dogs in lateral and dorsal recumbency. Regional differences in x-ray attenuation of the lungs of dogs can be avoided if the radiographs are obtained with the dog in ventral recumbency.