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1.
为了了解三年生三七对土壤砷污染的响应特征和机理。通过大田种植和室内分析的方法研究三年生三七在不同质量分数砷处理下的生长状况(形态指标、生物量、光合特征、光合色素)以及三七各部分(茎叶、剪口、主根、须根)砷含量,探讨砷处理对三年生三七生长、光合特征及砷积累的影响。结果表明:(1)高质量分数的砷处理(砷质量分数140 mg/kg)对三七形态指标、生物量有显著的抑制作用,但低质量分数的砷处理(80 mg/kg)对三七生长无显著影响。(2)高质量分数砷处理显著降低了叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和光合色素含量,显著增加了细胞间隙CO2质量分数(Ci)。(3)三年生三七各部分砷含量随砷处理质量分数升高而增高,砷含量在三七各部分的分布依次为:须根 剪口 主根 茎叶。高质量分数的砷处理对三七的生长和光合作用具有显著的抑制作用,保证三七正常生长的土壤砷质量分数为80 mg/kg以下,三七中砷的主要分布部位为地下部分,需重点关注。  相似文献   
2.
目的探讨亚砷酸对人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞增殖及RAS相关结构域家族基因1A(RASSHA)甲基化的影响。方法PANC-1细胞用不同浓度亚砷酸处理,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖,甲基化特异性PCR(MSV)法检测RASSFlA基因甲基化情况。结果随着亚砷酸浓度增加(1.2~4.8μmol/L)和作用时间延长,PANC-1细胞抑制率逐渐增加(P〈0.05)。PANC-1细胞中RASSFlA基因表现为高甲基化状态,但其甲基化随亚砷酸浓度增加而逐渐减弱。结论亚砷酸对PANC-1细胞增殖的抑制作用具有时间和剂量依赖性,并通过RASSFlA基因的去甲基化起作用。  相似文献   
3.
亚砷酸氧化细菌能够将毒性大的As(Ⅲ)氧化成毒性小的As(Ⅴ),在生物修复砷污染方面具有应用价值。对一株新型亚砷酸氧化菌Sinorhizobium sp.GW3进行了较全面的鉴定,并分离及分析了亚砷酸氧化酶基因aoxAB。形态学、生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因等分析结果表明该菌为Sinorhizobium属。该菌对As(III)抗性的MIC(Minimum inhibitory concentration)为9 mmol/L。首次在Sinorhizobium属中分离了包括编码小亚基aoxA和大亚基aoxB在内的亚砷酸氧化酶基因,其编码的大小亚基与已发现的Agrobacterium tumefaciens(ABB51929)的大小亚基在氨基酸水平上分别有86%、80%的同源性。  相似文献   
4.
砷污染对植物、动物和人体均产生毒害作用。研究砷元素与磷、钾、钙等元素的交互作用,结果表明:在蜈蚣草体内磷的浓度会随着培养液中砷浓度的增加而增加,两者并不存在拮抗关系;蜈蚣草羽叶表皮细胞中砷和钾浓度呈显著正相关;蜈蚣草中砷的累积量会同时受介质中砷水平和钙水平的限制。在提高介质中的砷浓度时,蜈蚣草根部的镁浓度逐渐降低,但对叶柄和羽叶中的镁浓度无显著影响。  相似文献   
5.
氮(N)、磷(P)是影响蛋白核小球藻生长的重要因素,通过改变培养液中N、P的浓度,可能实现对蛋白核小球藻富集砷(As)进行调控。为探讨N、P浓度对这种微藻吸收As的影响是否与其生长变化有关,采用室内培养实验,首先研究不同N、P浓度对蛋白核小球藻生长的影响;进而选择不影响小球藻生长的N(247、24.7 mg·L-1)、P(6、0.6 mg·L-1)浓度组合,设置0.8、8 mg·L-1的亚砷酸盐(As3+)和砷酸盐(As5+)处理3 d,研究N、P浓度对小球藻As富集和转化的影响。结果表明,当P浓度为6 mg·L-1时,N浓度降低到24.7 mg·L-1不会影响小球藻对As3+和As5+的富集及其胞内As形态的转化;而当N浓度为247 mg·L-1时,P浓度降低到0.6 mg·L-1则会显著增加小球藻对As3+和As5+的吸收和富集,藻细胞内As5+还原、甲基化和外排也显著增强。因此,在不影响小球藻细胞生长的条件下,P对其As富集和转化过程的影响比N更为显著。  相似文献   
6.
食品添加剂磷酸氢二铵中砷含量的测定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
运用原子荧光光谱法对进出口食品添加剂磷酸氢二铵中砷含量进行了测定,通过线性范围、检出限、精密度、回收率和实验室间比对测试,证明了原子荧光光谱法能快速、准确地检测出进出口食品添加剂中砷的含量。该方法线性关系良好,检出限低,准确度高,重复性和再现性好,可广泛用于进出口食品添加剂中砷含量的检测。  相似文献   
7.
Background  River and lake sediments constitute complex and difficult analytical samples. On the other hand, sediments play a fundamental role in the distribution of toxic compounds in aquatic systems and in the evaluation of the current state and the course of changes taking place in the environment. Among elements present in the environment in trace concentrations, but having well-elaborated toxic properties, one of most dangerous is arsenic. The element occurs in the environment in several chemical forms, predominant are inorganic forms of As(V) and As(III), and methylated forms such as monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA). Objectives  Reported herein are experiments, which were undertaken with the aim of examining the dynamics of arsenic sorption in sediments and its dependence on speciation of the element and the pH in the environment. Simultaneously, influence of organic matter content and chemical composition of the sediments on As sorption, were investigated. Methods  Sediment samples (upper 10 cm layer) were collected from three sites located in the vicinity of Cracow:
•  Rudawa river — 37 km long river, flowing mainly through the suburban area;
•  Vistula river — heavily contaminated, main Polish river;
•  Dobczyce reservoir — artificial reservoir on Raba river, total capacity of 125,000,000 m3, supplying about 60% of drinking water to the city of Cracow.
Using XRD and IR methods, mineral composition of sediments was analysed. Concentrations of iron, manganese, aluminium and arsenic as well as organic matter content in solid samples were analysed. Sorption experiment  100 g of dry sediment sample was placed in a 400 ml volume glass beaker. 300 ml of arsenic containing solution was poured into the beaker. Every 30 min (total experiment time span equalled 7 to 7.5 hours), 0.5 ml of the suspension’ (the beaker content was constantly mixed) was collected and centrifuged, and the concentration of arsenic was determined in the supernatant. In the series of experiments, solution contained about 0.05 μg/ml of arsenic in organic (DMAA) and inorganic forms, at different pH values — 3, 5, 7 and 9. Results and Discussion  Examined sediments of Vistula river and Dobczyce Lake were characterised by relatively high concentrations of arsenic, iron, manganese and aluminium.Rudawa river. At pH 3, the concentration of inorganic As in solution decreased from an initial value of 0.049 μg/ml to 0.012 μg/ml in 7.5 hours time. The same decreasing tendency was found at pH 5 (initial value 0.046 μg/ml, after 7.5 hours - 0.015 μg/ml). Less distinct sorption effects were noted at pH 7 and 9. Vistula river. At all pH values, a very significant decrease of inorganic As concentration up to 80% of the initial value, as well as a short time of achieving an equilibrium state (1 – 2.5 hours), was found. Dobczyce lake. Inorganic As was distinctly accumulated in sediments at pH 3 (decrease of As concentration in solution from 0.052 to 0.007 μg/ml after 7.5 hours of the experiment) and at pH 5. At pH 7, about 40% of As was accumulated in sediments (solution As concentration decrease from 0.050 to 0.030). Only 20% of As adsorbed on sediments at pH 9.Very weak accumulation of organic form of As (DMAA) was found in all examined sediments at pH 3 and 5. At higher pH values no sorption was registered. Conclusions  The following facts were established:
•  inorganic form of arsenic was effectively accumulated in all analysed sediments;
•  inorganic As sorption in sediments strongly depended on pH — for sediments of Rudawa river and Dobczyce lake, the highest sorption was found at pH 3, and a decrease of accumulated As was noted with an increase of pH (at pH 9, the lowest amount of As was immobilised in sediments); in the case of Vistula river sediments, a reverse tendency was found;
•  organic form of arsenic (DMAA) was accumulated only at pH 3 in all sediments and less significantly at pH 5 (Vistula river sediments); no sorption of that form of As was found in the other sediment samples;
•  state of equilibrium (no change in inorganic As concentration in liquid medium) was achieved in 1 hour for Vistula river sediments, after about 2 hours for Rudawa river and after about 4 hours for Dobczyce lake sediments.
Recommendations  The presented method of analysis of As sorption in sediments and results visualization (based on a newly defined coefficient) provides a useful tool for the characterization of sorptive properties of sediments and may be used for other compounds as well. Crucial, functional information — how much of a given element may be accumulated in sediments at a certain pH — is obtained without digestion of the sediment sample, in an experiment taking less than one day.  相似文献   
8.
近年来,重金属污染耕地安全利用技术研究取得了突破进展,然而将这些关键技术与蔬菜传统高度集约化种植模式进行耦合的研究还比较少,大规模推广应用鲜见报道。因此,本文在查阅最新发表文献的基础上,梳理了我国土壤-蔬菜作物系统重金属污染状况,归纳了蔬菜作物重金属吸收积累特征,并总结了重金属污染蔬菜地安全生产综合农艺调控技术研究进展。当前,我国蔬菜地土壤重金属污染以中轻度为主,且区域分异明显。蔬菜作物重金属超标现象在全国各地时有发生,给蔬菜产业发展和人类健康带来了极大的危害。蔬菜作物对重金属的积累能力因种类、品种、部位而异,受基因型、土壤理化性质和外界环境条件的制约,因此调整种植布局、选用重金属低积累品种、合理轮间套作、施用土壤改良剂和钝化剂、优化水肥管理技术等农艺调控措施是目前中轻度重金属污染蔬菜地安全利用的重要技术途径。未来在进一步深入研究土壤-蔬菜系统重金属迁移转化规律的基础上,宜加强土壤-蔬菜地系统安全生产技术标准、传统种植模式与综合农艺调控措施耦合技术、长期定位试验及风险评价等方面的研究,以实现重金属中轻度污染蔬菜地的安全利用和农产品的安全生产。  相似文献   
9.
为探索镉(Cd)、砷(As)复合污染稻田下不同水稻品种对Cd、As的吸收和累积特征,选取4个低Cd吸收品种(金优463、金优268、金优433和株两优189)和2个当地主栽品种(五丰优111和马坝油毡),在广东韶关红壤区Cd、As复合污染稻田开展大田试验,调查和测定水稻的生长状况以及对Cd、As的吸收与转运情况。结果表明,参试6个水稻品种产量存在显著差异,2个当地主栽品种产量显著高于4个低Cd吸收品种。当地主栽品种马坝油毡籽粒Cd含量显著高于其他品种且超过国家污染物限量标准值(0.2 mg·kg~(-1)),其余品种Cd含量均未超标;6个品种As含量均超过国家标准值(0.2 mg·kg~(-1)),其中金优268籽粒Cd、As含量均为最低值,分别为0.05、0.31 mg·kg~(-1)。相关分析表明,品种间对Cd、As的富集能力和各部位的转运能力存在差异,其中低Cd吸收品种体内Cd从颖壳向籽粒的转运能力较低。因此,为同时降低Cd、As复合污染土壤中水稻籽粒Cd、As含量,在开展低重金属吸收品种选择研究时,需要同时考虑低Cd和低As两种因素。  相似文献   
10.
采用微波消解-原子荧光法对广东竹丝鸡肉中有毒有害元素砷的含量进行抽样检测分析。结果表明:该方法检出限为0.067μg/L,回收率为95.7%~101.2%;竹丝鸡肉中砷的检出率为100%,平均残留量为0.041 mg/kg,符合我国无公害畜禽肉中砷的限量标准,并达到了我国绿色食品中砷限量标准。  相似文献   
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