食用菌多糖抗运动疲劳研究进展

采用文献资料法对食用菌多糖抗运动疲劳的研究进展情况进行了研究。结果表明:食用菌多糖提取方法不同而食用菌多糖的提取率也不相同,超声波法+复合酶法及微波法提取食用菌多糖提取率较高,2种方法科学合理的结合提取食用菌多糖以及不同产地、品种和不同部位提取率是未来学者们需要研究的领域;目前,只是对极少部分食用菌多糖抗运动疲劳进行了研究,研究对象(动物)、模型、指标、评价单一而没有确定最佳剂量的时间而没确定的量。为此,提出了未来应加强和重视食用菌多糖抗疲劳运动多食用菌、多对象(尤其是人)、多模型、多指标、多评价、最佳剂量的研究以及量-效、构-效关系的研究建议。     

加工现场微机控制系统抗干扰的研究

针对制造业加工现场的环境特点，分析了微机控制系统的干扰来源和途径，介绍了实用的抗干扰措施。实践证明：这些软硬件抗干扰措施的综合运用，使自动化加工中微机控制系统的稳定性得到了较大的提高。     

Pharmacokinetics of multiple doses of transdermal flunixin meglumine in adult Holstein dairy cows

A transdermal formulation of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, flunixin meglumine, has been approved in the United States and Canada for single‐dose administration. Transdermal flunixin meglumine was administered to 10 adult Holstein cows in their second or third lactation at the label dose of 3.33 mg/kg every 24 hr for three total treatments. Plasma flunixin concentrations were determined using high‐pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy (HPLC ‐MS ). Pharmacokinetic analysis was completed on each individual animal with noncompartmental methods using computer software. The time to maximum drug concentration (T max) was 2.81 hr, and the maximum drug concentration was 1.08 μg/ml. The mean terminal half‐life (T½) was determined to be 5.20 hr. Clearance per fraction absorbed (Cl/F) was calculated to be 0.294 L/hr kg^?1, and volume of distribution of fraction (V z/F ) absorbed was 2.20 L/kg. The mean accumulation factor was 1.10 after three doses. This indicates changes in dosing may not be required when giving multiple doses of flunixin transdermal. Further work is required to investigate the clinical efficacy of transdermal flunixin after multiple daily doses.     

Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of granulosa cells during different stages of folliculogenesis in bovine ovaries

Bovine granulosa cells (GC) vary in their morphological aspect during different stages of folliculogenesis. In this study, 10 morphologically normal bovine ovaries were collected to study the structural aspects of different stages of GC using intermediate filament protein antibodies including cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (AE1/AE3), vimentin, nectin‐4 and desmin. Hormonal immunolocalization was assessed using the immunomarkers anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin alpha. In addition, tumour markers and proliferation markers using c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, respectively, were investigated. The immunolabelling of AE1/AE3 in GC was strongest in the early follicle stage and gradually decreased when reaching the Graafian follicle stage. Its immunolabelling increased again as the stage progressed from stage I to stage III. The immunolabelling of inhibin alpha was inversely proportional to that of AE1/AE3 in the developing ovarian follicles as their immunolabelling is opposite to each other during folliculogenesis. AMH was immunopositive in almost all GC stages in different intensities and percentages, except for some negative staining in the atretic IV follicles. The atretic IV follicle is a unique type of atretic follicle that shows Call‐Exner body formation, which was mainly found in older cows in this study. The distinct patterns of immunoreactivity for various types of immunomarkers in the different GC stages will play an important role in diagnostic assistance of various follicle conditions, including cystic ovaries and GC tumours.     

A scoping review of autoantibodies as biomarkers for canine autoimmune disease

BackgroundAutoantibody biomarkers are valuable tools used to diagnose and manage autoimmune diseases in dogs. However, prior publications have raised concerns over a lack of standardization and sufficient validation for the use of biomarkers in veterinary medicine.ObjectivesSystematically compile primary research on autoantibody biomarkers for autoimmune disease in dogs, summarize their methodological features, and evaluate their quality; synthesize data supporting their use into a resource for veterinarians and researchers.AnimalsNot used.MethodsFive indices were searched to identify studies for evaluation: PubMed, CAB Abstracts, Web of Science, Agricola, and SCOPUS. Two independent reviewers (AET and ELC) screened titles and abstracts for exclusion criteria followed by full‐text review of remaining articles. Relevant studies were classified based on study objectives (biomarker, epitope, technique). Data on study characteristics and outcomes were synthesized in independent data tables for each classification.ResultsNinety‐two studies qualified for final analysis (n = 49 biomarker, n = 9 epitope, and n = 34 technique studies). A high degree of heterogeneity in study characteristics and outcomes reporting was observed. Opportunities to strengthen future studies could include: (1) routine use of negative controls, (2) power analyses to inform sample sizes, (3) statistical analyses when appropriate, and (4) multiple detection techniques to confirm results.ConclusionsThese findings provide a resource that will allow veterinary clinicians to efficiently evaluate the evidence supporting the use of autoantibody biomarkers, along with the varied methodological approaches used in their development.     

芨芨草水土保持功能的初步研究

芨芨草是黄土高原地区广泛分布的禾本科植物.人们对其水土保持方面的定量研究基本上还处于空白.通过对芨芨草草地土壤抗冲性、渗透性、土壤抗剪强度等指标的研究,来探讨芨芨草的水土保持功能.结果表明:芨芨草能明显提高土壤的抗冲性、渗透性及土壤的抗剪强度,并能增加地表的覆盖度.芨芨草在黄土高原地区的水土保持工作中有着广阔的应用前景.     

2BYML-4型玉米垄作免耕播种机的设计与试验

研制一种可一次性完成玉米根茬粉碎还田、起垄、施肥、精密播种联合作业的2BYML-4型玉米垄作免耕播种机,对其整机结构和工作原理进行了分析,通过理论计算确定了仿形机构、灭茬刀转速和控制系统的相关参数。田间试验结果显示:垄高、垄顶宽、垄间距合格率分别达到94.73%、90.64%和90.13%;粒距合格指数92.0%,标准差11.99,变异系数5.24%;漏播指数4%,重播指数 4%;种子覆土深度合格率为88.3%,种下施肥合格率为89.7%,变异系数分别为9.71%和10.32%。该机田间作业垄形规则,种、肥田间分布均匀合理,其结构参数和工作参数组合,更好地满足了旱地农业保护性耕作要求并有效改善生态环境。     

两个抗虫杂交棉的产量性状研究

通过田间试验和高产示范田调查相结合的研究方法,比较了两个抗虫杂交棉与鄂棉18(CK)的生物学习性和产量性状,结果表明:抗虫杂交棉生长稳健,株型好,结铃性强,单株早桃(伏前桃、伏桃)和秋桃都极显著高于CK,子棉产量显著高于CK。     

Efficacy of Netminder® silicone release coating for biofouling reduction in bay scallop grow‐out and comparative effects on scallop survival,growth and reproduction

Netminder^®, a water‐based silicone barrier release coating, was highly effective in reducing biofouling of lantern nets during grow‐out/overwintering of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians irradians, in a large‐scale restoration programme in New York, USA. Compared with untreated nets, scallops held in Netminder^®‐coated nets experienced reduced survival after 8 months, probably due to higher loads of epibionts on their shells. However, this was countered by higher reproductive and overall condition of scallops in treated vs. untreated nets; there were no consistent differences in shell growth in different net treatments. Although further testing is recommended under a wider range of conditions, we conclude that for the purposes of our scallop restoration work, coating nets with Netminder^® would eliminate the need for a gear change in spring, thus reducing labour costs; the coating process should be refined so that Velcro closures of nets do not become sealed shut.