不同方法提取青藏高原蕨麻总DNA的比较研究

以改良CTAB法、改良SDS法、试剂盒法提取青藏高原蕨麻总DNA;用紫外分光光度法测定提取的青藏高原蕨麻的总DNA浓度和质量;用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法、分光光度法测定提取的青藏高原蕨麻的总DNA质量,以期筛选出青藏高原蕨麻总DNA提取的最佳方法。结果表明:用改良SDS法提取的蛋白质含量最高,OD260/OD2801.61左右,用改良CTAB法提取的DNA的OD260/OD2801.76左右;用试剂盒法提取的DNA的OD260/OD2801.70左右;用改良CTAB法提取DNA的浓度在100μg/mL。     

收获时间对鹅绒委陵菜块根鞣质含量的影响研究

通过高锰酸钾氧化法测定了不同季节采收的鹅绒季陵菜块根——蕨麻以及野生蕨麻中的鞣质含量，结果表明，栽培种和野生种鞣质含量几乎没有差别；春蕨麻和秋蕨麻的鞣质含量有较大差异，秋蕨麻的鞣质含量比春蕨麻高37．5％，从而为蕨麻的最佳收获时间提供了理论依据。     

Effect of Anserine and Carnosine on Sperm Motility in the Japanese Quail

Sperm motility is considered as one of the most important traits for successful fertilization, but the motility of an ejaculated sperm decreases with time when stored as liquid. It is reported that seminal plasma serves as a nutrient rich medium for sperm and plays an important role in sperm motility and its fertilization ability. Several studies have reported that imidazole dipeptides such as anserine and carnosine affect sperm motility and its fertilization ability in mammals. In this study, we report the presence of anserine and carnosine in the male reproductive tract of the Japanese quail. Abundant levels of anserine (44.46 µM) and carnosine (41.75 µM) were detected in the testicular fluid and seminal plasma respectively using the amino acid analyzer; however, seminal plasma solely contained carnosine. When the ejaculates were incubated with anserine or carnosine, we found that both the dipeptides improve sperm motility parameters such as straight line velocity, curvilinear velocity, average path velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement after in vitro sperm storage at 15°C. These results indicate that imidazole dipeptides are present in the male reproductive tract and may improve sperm quality during in vitro sperm storage in the liquid states.     

Histidine nutrition and genotype affect cataract development in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary levels of histidine (His) and iron (Fe) on cataract development in two strains of Atlantic salmon monitored through parr-smolt transformation. Three experimental diets were fed: (i) a control diet (CD) with 110 mg kg(-1) Fe and 11.7 g kg(-1) His; (ii) CD supplemented with crystalline His to a level of 18 g kg(-1) (HD); and (iii) HD with added iron up to 220 mg kg(-1) (HID). A cross-over design, with two feeding periods was used. A 6-week freshwater (FW) period was followed by a 20-week period, of which the first three were in FW and the following 17 weeks in sea water (SW). Fish were sampled for weighing, cataract assessment and tissue analysis at five time points. Cataracts developed in all groups in SW, but scores were lower in those fed high His diets (P < 0.05). This effect was most pronounced when HD or HID was given in SW, but was also observed when these diets were given in FW only. Histidine supplementation had a positive effect on growth performance and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05), whereas this did not occur when iron was added. Groups fed HD or HID had higher lens levels of His and N-acetyl histidine (NAH), the latter showing a marked increase post-smoltification (P < 0.05). The HD or HID groups also showed higher muscle concentrations of the His dipeptide anserine (P < 0.05). There was a strong genetic influence on cataract development in the CD groups (P < 0.001), not associated with tissue levels of His or NAH. The role of His and His-related compounds in cataractogenesis is discussed in relation to tissue buffering, osmoregulation and antioxidation.     

气相色谱/质谱法分析蕨麻中的脂肪酸成分

分别采用索氏抽提法和酸水解法提取蕨麻脂肪酸成分,再经过甲酯化处理后,通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术分析脂肪酸的组成。共检出20种脂肪酸成分,除了含有亚油酸、亚麻酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯等主要成分外,还含有十一烷酸、十五烷酸、十七烷酸等奇数碳脂肪酸。索氏抽提法和酸水解法提取脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸成分分别占71.1%和41.9%。     

青海草地蕨麻资源及开发应用价值

蕨麻是青藏高原草地的一种特有药-食两用经济植物.本文论述了青海草地蕨麻资源的自然分布、生物学特性以及经济价值和开发利用前景.     

不同处理对鹅绒委陵菜种子萌发的影响

对不同处理下鹅绒委陵菜种子萌发进行了研究。研究结果表明:自然状态下鹅绒委陵菜种子萌发率和萌发势较低;而经后熟、赤霉素(GA)、低温和Na2CO3处理后,种子萌发率和萌发势均显著提高。     

土壤水分对鹅绒委陵菜表型可塑性的影响

研究了不同土壤水分条件对匍匐茎草本植物鹅绒委陵菜表型可塑性的影响,结果表明:间隔子、叶片数、分枝密度、分枝长度、分枝角度呈二次曲线变化;土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的64%左右的生境最为适宜;其复叶长对土壤含水量的反应可用YieldDensity曲线描述;其小叶间隔随着土壤水分的增加而增加,遵循Logistic曲线变化。克隆植物构型的可塑性有可能促进其对斑块性分布土壤水分资源的利用,因而具有一定的生态学意义。     

三种虫草蝙蝠蛾幼虫野生食材的营养成分分析

以虫草蝙蝠蛾幼虫喜食的3种野生食材鹅绒委陵菜、珠芽蓼、草石蚕为试材,对其营养成分进行测定。结果表明:鹅绒委陵菜的蛋白质含量高达41.28%,草石蚕的糖类含量高达12.47%,珠芽蓼脂肪含量高达3.08%。3种食材均含有丰富的矿质元素,其中珠芽蓼的各种矿质元素含量都非常丰富,鹅绒委陵菜的K、Ca元素含量最高,分别为10.50 mg/g7、.00 mg/g,可以作为天然K源和Ca源。草石蚕中的P元素含量高达11.07 mg/g,可以作为一种天然的P源。     

White muscle of masu salmon,Oncorhynchus masou masou,smolts possesses a strong buffering capacity due to a high level of anserine

Masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou masou, fry were fed with diets containing three different levels of protein for 18 weeks, and the levels of free amino acids and related compounds in the white muscle were compared among the dietary groups and between smolts and parr. The anserine level in the white muscle of smolts was always higher than that of parr, while histidine and glycine levels in the former were always lower than those in the latter, irrespective of dietary treatments. A mixed solution of crystalline anserine, histidine and glycine simulating these amino acid levels in the white muscle of the smolts had a stronger buffering capacity in the physiological pH range than that simulating those levels present in parr. These results suggest that even in freshwater conditions, the white muscle of smolts possesses a more potent buffering capacity than the muscle of parr, for anaerobic burst swimming during the downstream migration. Moreover, the white muscle of smolts fed the high-protein diet had a significantly higher level of anserine than that of smolts fed the low- or intermediate-protein diets, and the solution mimicking the white muscle of smolts fed the high-protein diet showed the strongest buffering capacity among the mixed solutions tested. Thus, a diet with high-protein level could improve qualities of smolts.