Mesohabitat associations of the threatened San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana) across its geographic range

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菜阳河自然保护区两栖爬行动物调查报告

2 0 0 0年 5 6月对云南省思茅菜阳河省级自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性进行了调查。调查结果表明 :菜阳河自然保护区共有两栖爬行动物 89种。其中 ,两栖类 39种 ,隶属于 2目 6科 18属 ;爬行类 5 0种 ,隶属于 3目17科 41属。属于国家Ⅰ级重点保护的种类有 2种 ;Ⅱ级重点保护的种类有 5种 ;云南省省级保护动物 3种 ;列入云南省“三有”动物的 10种。结合调查结果 ,对菜阳河自然保护区提出了进行功能区划 ,分区管理 ,以及严格管理农药的使用等两方面的建议。     

Status of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in artificial lake ecosystems with and without management for recreational fisheries: Implications for conservation

1. Humanity is facing a biodiversity crisis, with freshwater-associated biodiversity in a particularly dire state. Novel ecosystems created through human use of mineral resources, such as gravel pit lakes, can provide substitute habitats for the conservation of freshwater and riparian biodiversity. Many of these artificial ecosystems are subject to a high intensity of recreational use, however, which may limit their biodiversity potential.
2. The species richness of several taxa (plants, amphibians, dragonflies, damselflies, waterfowl, and songbirds) was assessed and a range of taxonomic biodiversity metrics were compared between gravel pit lakes managed for recreational fisheries (n = 16) and unmanaged reference lakes (n = 10), controlling for non-fishing-related environmental variation.
3. The average species richness of all the taxa examined was similar among lakes in both lake types and no substantial differences in species composition were found when examining the pooled species inventory. Similarly, there were no differences between lake types in the presence of rare species and in the Simpson diversity index across all of the taxa assessed.
4. Variation in species richness among lakes was correlated with woody habitat, lake morphology (surface area and steepness), and land use, but was not correlated with the presence of recreational fisheries. Thus, non-fishing-related environmental variables had stronger effects on local species presence than recreational fisheries management or the presence of recreational anglers.
5. Collectively, no evidence was found that anglers and recreational fisheries management constrain the development of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in gravel pit lakes in the study region; however, the conservation of species diversity in gravel pit lakes could benefit from an increasing reliance on habitat enhancement activities.

     

The potential of temporary shelters to increase survival of the endangered Mexican axolotl

1. Amphibian populations worldwide are in decline. Proactive conservation techniques such as translocations into created and restored wetlands have gained popularity in recent years but may fail owing to high predation and low environmental adaptability.
2. The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), affected by rapid urbanization, is now possibly extinct in the wild despite millions living in captivity throughout the world.
3. The aim of this study was to explore whether ponds from an artificial wetland can function as temporary shelters for a viable population of axolotls that could be re-introduced into their native ecosystem in Xochimilco once it is restored.
4. Egg-laying and hatching of 11 unique axolotl pairs placed into reproductive enclosures and larval survival to 7 weeks and up to 12 months were examined. Physicochemical and biological parameters were estimated and compared among ponds.
5. The results from this study are encouraging as they suggest that two ponds have adequate conditions for axolotls to reproduce and for larvae and juveniles to survive.

     

Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review

Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.     

广西百色11个自然保护区两栖动物多样性研究

为分析广西百色不同保护区的两栖动物分布及其与主要环境因子的关系,为该地区两栖动物多样性及生态环境的保护与建设提供相关理论和数量依据,根据广西百色11个自然保护区的两栖动物名录,通过物种组成比较并运用G-F指数、相似性系数进行了多样性分析,并对两栖动物多样性与主要环境因子进行了相关性分析。结果表明,广西百色11个自然保护区共记录两栖动物7科20属38种,蛙科(Ranidae)为优势科,角蟾科(Megophryidae)为次优势科;主要区系成分为华中华南区种,次要区系成分为华南区和华中区种,并有少量西南区种渗入;各保护区之间两栖动物相似性均属于中度相似以上,部分保护区之间属高度相似;地州、古龙山和农信自然保护区的F-指数和G-F指数较高;保护区两栖动物的多样性与该地区年均降水量呈显著相关关系,而保护区年均降水量与保护区面积及保护区森林面积显著相关。     

水产动物转基因研究进展

转基因技术为水产养殖遗传育种开辟了一条新的途径。转基因技术已迅速应用到培育高产、优质和抗逆的水产养殖新品种的研究中,并在解决发育生物学、分子生物学和生理学等方面的难题中发挥了重要作用。目前,水产动物转基因的方法主要是显微注射和精子介导-电脉冲法。涉及对象包括各种鱼类和贝类等。但转基因的定位整合、稳定表达和稳定遗传以及转基因动物的生态安全和食品安全等问题仍是转基因研究有待攻克的重点、难点和热点问题。     

Inter‐annual variability in amphibian assemblages: implications for diversity assessment and conservation

• 1. Diversity assessments and conservation management should take into account the dynamic nature of populations and communities, particularly when they are subject to highly variable and unpredictable environmental conditions.
• 2. This study evaluates the inter‐annual variability in the assemblage composition (temporal turnover) of an amphibian community breeding in a highly dynamic habitat, a Mediterranean temporary pond system, during a 4‐year period.
• 3. A comprehensive framework is provided to evaluate temporal turnover from data of a differing nature (species richness, presence/absence and relative abundance) and, especially, to discern variation in richness (species loss) from changes in the identity or abundance of species (species replacement).
• 4. Results show that the pond amphibian assemblages in Doñana National Park exhibited high inter‐annual variability during the study period, both in the number of species, species identity and their relative abundance. This result provides evidence for the inadequacy of surveys conducted only in one breeding season to characterize the species assemblage associated with a given pond. Besides, it suggests that a given pond offers different breeding opportunities over time, being suitable for different species depending on the year. This alternation will contribute to the medium‐term preservation of all species in the assemblage.
• 5. It is highly relevant to preserve the natural dynamism and spatial variability of temporary pond systems, which will favour the conservation of populations through their intrinsic variability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

     

Freshwater conservation in a fragmented world: Dealing with barriers in a systematic planning framework

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广西农信自然保护区两栖动物生态调查及多样性分析

2007年7月对广西农信自然保护区的两栖动物进行了调查,结果表明:该保护区有21种两栖动物,隶属14属6科1目.Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为2.743,均匀度指数为0.901.对两栖动物的区系及多样性进行了分析.并提出保护管理建议.