Ultrastructural studies on the pancreatic acini in duck (Anas boscas) and pigeon (Columba livia)

The aim of this research work was to study the histological structure of the pancreatic acini by transmission electron microscope in two avian species, duck and pigeon. The specimens were collected and processed for electron microscopic study. The results showed that the acini of the two avian species were two types; the first one was an electron dense and the second one an electron lucent. The light acinar cells were larger in size than the dark cells. These cells contained centrally located ovoid nuclei with prominent nucleoli and abundant euchromatin. The cytoplasm was electron lucent, with many rough endoplasmic reticulum, polymorphic mitochondria. Numerous zymogen granules were distributed in the basal part and around the nucleus, so these cells considered active cells. The dark acinar cells were characterized by an electron dense cytoplasm. The most prominent cell organelle in these cells were the zymogen granules that appeared in different sizes while other organelles as mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum were inconspicuous or few, so these cells were considered as inactive cells. The nucleus with indented nuclear membrane located centrally with prominent nucleoli and abundant heterochromatin. Prominent intercellular spaces between the individual acinar cells, as well as well-developed basement membrane separating the electron dense cells and the lumen contained the secretion between acinar cells. It could be concluded that the acinar cells in ducks and pigeons were divided into two types, that is, light and dark acinar cells which mainly attributed to the activity of these cells.     

Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation on the Mammary Tissue Development and Serum Hormone Level of Saanen Dairy Goat

The study was aimed to analyze the effect of transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the mammary gland development and serum hormone level of Saanen dairy goat.16 healthy goats with 2 months old and similar body weight were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The BMSCs which was amplified to the P6 generation was injected to the goat via jugular vein,and the control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline. Feeding and management of the two groups were the same. Blood samples were collected monthly,and mammary gland tissue samples were collected at 3,5 and 7 months old. Frozen sections of mammary gland tissue was prepared, the ducts and acinus numbers were observed and recorded. The results showed that after transplantation of BMSCs,at 5 and 7 months old,the ducts and acinus number of goat in experimental group were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).At 5,7,8 and 9 months old,the serum E₂ level of goat in experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05);At 5 to 9 months old,the serum P level in experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).At 7 to 9 months old,the serum PRL and INS levels in experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05);At 8 and 9 months old,the serum levels of GnRH level in experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).The serum LEP,CRH and ACTH levels were higher than that of the control group at the whole test process,but the difference was not significant (P>0.05).In conclusion, injection of BMSCs could increase the duct and acinus number of dairy goat mammary,improve the hormone level in serum,and promote mammary gland development.     

移植骨髓间充质干细胞对萨能奶山羊乳腺组织发育及血清激素水平的影响

试验旨在研究移植骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs）对萨能奶山羊乳腺发育的影响。选取体重接近的2月龄健康萨能奶山羊16只,随机分为对照组和试验组。将扩增至P6代的BMSCs经颈静脉注射至奶山羊体内,对照组注射等量生理盐水,两组间饲养管理均相同。每月进行空腹采血,并分别在3、5和7月龄采集乳腺组织样品,制备乳腺组织冰冻切片,观察记录各组乳腺组织导管数和腺泡数。结果显示,移植BMSCs后,5和7月龄时,试验组奶山羊的导管数、腺泡数均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。在5、7、8、9月龄时,试验组奶山羊血清中雌激素（E₂）水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;在5~9月龄时,试验组血清中孕酮（P）水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;在7~9月龄时,试验组血清中催乳素（PRL）和胰岛素（INS）水平均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;8、9月龄时,试验组血清中促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;整个试验过程中试验组血清中瘦素（LEP）、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）和促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）水平均高于对照组,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述,注射BMSCs能增加奶山羊乳腺导管数和腺泡数,提高血清中激素水平,从而促进乳房发育。