沼液兼养培养微藻潜力及不同有机碳源影响

利用沼液培养微藻可在收获藻生物质的同时回收碳、氮、磷养分,是沼液资源化利用极具潜力的途径。与光合自养相比,兼养培养可实现藻生物量快速积累,且对光、碳利用灵活,与透光性不佳的沼液相性较好,但目前缺乏相关研究论证其可行性。本文首先选取了小球藻 Chlorella sp.、蛋白核小球藻 Chlorella pyrenoidosa、栅藻 Scenedesmus sp.,以葡萄糖为碳源利用猪粪沼液对 3株微藻进行了兼养培养。结果显示,兼养策略可在大幅强化藻生物量积累的同时协同提升沼液污染物去除。其中,Chlorella pyrenoidosa展现出最佳的生物量及养分去除优势,培养7 d生物量可达1.51 g·L^-1,为光合自养的6.12倍,沼液COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷去除率较自养分别提高了20、36、41个和32个百分点。本研究进一步考察了具备两种典型碳代谢路径的有机碳源（葡萄糖-三羧酸循环,乙酸钠-乙醛酸循环）对Chlorella pyrenoidosa沼液兼养培养的影响,发现葡萄糖相较于乙酸钠更适宜作为沼液兼养培养的有机碳源,且葡萄糖浓度与利用效率呈负相关,1 g·L^-1葡萄糖浓度条件下Chlorella pyrenoidosa具有最高的单位有机碳生物量产率。此外,兼养微藻通过代谢葡萄糖可协同提升光合性能,使PSⅡ最大量子产量、实际量子产量、调节性能量耗散量子产量等维持较高水平,既弥补了沼液弱透光下光能不足,也强化了持续光照后的光系统损伤恢复机制。因此,本研究认为以添加1 g·L^-1葡萄糖的沼液兼养培养Chlorella pyrenoidosa是克服沼液养藻光衰减等不利因素,强化微藻生物量产量及养分回收效率的有效方式,在畜禽养殖场沼液生物消纳与资源化利用方面有较好的应用前景。     

低压下加肥对迷宫滴头流量及灌水均匀度的影响

针对滴灌中侧翼迷宫式滴灌带的流量、灌水均匀度、肥料堵塞等问题,对4种不同规格的侧翼迷宫滴灌带进行试验,测定在清水和加肥灌水时滴头的流量及灌水均匀度。结果表明:加肥灌水时滴头流量比清水时减少,灌水均匀系数也较清水减小,4种不同结构滴头的灌水均匀度系数减小了5%~9.9%;随着灌水间隔增长,灌水次数增加,由于溶解在水中化学肥料结晶析出造成的堵塞程度逐渐增加;迷宫流道结构不同滴头的化学堵塞程度也不同。     

南亚实蝇成虫空间分布型及抽样技术

南亚实蝇Zeugodacus tau(Walker)是瓜果蔬菜上重要的检疫性害虫,常导致严重的经济损失。本文旨在明确其在主要寄主作物(丝瓜、“苦瓜-桂花”系统)上的空间格局,并根据最适理论抽样数制定了采样方案,以便为该虫管理决策提供科学依据。于2020年7月和9月分别在立架栽培的丝瓜地和“苦瓜-桂花”系统采用黄板诱捕实蝇类害虫,用非参数两独立样本t测验分析不同生境南亚实蝇雌、雄成虫种群密度的差异显著性,用2个常用的聚集度指标(C和k)和2个回归模型(Taylor幂回归模型和Iwao的m~*-m回归模型)分别分析雌虫、雄虫和“雌虫+雄虫”的空间格局。共诱集实蝇成虫3 542头,“苦瓜-桂花”系统只诱集到南亚实蝇,丝瓜地诱集到4种果实蝇,其中南亚实蝇占97.2%,为优势种。桂花树上的南亚实蝇雌虫种群密度显著高于苦瓜地(Z=-2.932,P=0.003),为后者的1.87倍;丝瓜地样地Ⅱ中的雌虫种群密度显著大于样地Ⅰ(Z=-7.160,P<0.001),为后者的3.13倍。回归分析表明,对雌虫,Taylor的b和Iwao的β与1无显著差异(t_c...     

添加剂对回收废弃PE材质滴灌带再生材料力学性能的影响

从废旧PE滴灌带的回收再利用出发,针对PE材质滴灌带使用后老化引起弹性及强度降低的现象,探讨了加入EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)与DCP(过氧化二异丙苯)对废弃滴灌带再生材料的弹性及强度的影响。研究了EVA含量分别占PE的0%~20%与DCP含量占PE的0%~1.2%时的改性再生PE材料的力学性能。结果表明:单因素下EVA可以改善再生料的断裂伸长率和断后自然回弹率,10%的EVA提升效果最佳。DCP可以改善再生料的强度,但是断裂伸长率和断后自然回弹率随之下降。配比6%EVA+0.4%DCP的改性剂同时加入废旧PE材料后可有效改善改性再生料的使用性能。     

Effects of organic solvents on denitrification in soil

Summary Although organic solvents such as methanol and ethanol have been shown to act as energy sources for denitrifying microorganisms, no studies on the influence of organic solvents on denitrification in soil have been reported. Organic solvents have been used as an aid in the application of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals to soil, in studying the effects of these chemicals on denitrification in soil. During these applications, the soil is often aerated or heated to remove the solvent while leaving the chemical in the soil. The work reported here shows that treating soils with methanol, ethanol, or acetone had a very marked effect on their denitrifying ability, even when the soils were aerated thoroughly or heated at 50°C to remove these solvents. This indicates either that it is not possible to effect complete removal of organic solvents from soils by aeration or heating or that organic solvents promote denitrification by solubilizing a fraction of soil organic matter that is not available to denitrifying microorganisms before the addition of these solvents. Experiments using phenylmercuric acetate (a herbicide and nitrification inhibitor) showed that although this compound had a marked inhibitory effect on denitrification when added to soil in methanol, ethanol, or acetone, it had no inhibitory effect on denitrification when added to soil in water. The work reported shows that the use of an organic solvent in adding an agricultural chemical to soil can lead to erroneous conclusions in studies on the effects of the chemical on soil denitrification.     

不加热收缩补口材料的研制

针对3PE防腐涂层外层聚乙烯为非极性材料的问题,提出采用不加热收缩材料进行3PE层结构补口的方法。从无溶剂环氧底漆和溶剂型快干底漆的研制、内层防腐粘结片的结构与特性及PVC片材的改性研究与溶剂选择等方面介绍了补口材料的研制过程及材料所达到的技术指标。     

液相阻断ELISA在奶牛A型口蹄疫抗体水平检测中的应用

用液相阻断ELISA(酶联免疫吸附试验)方法对奶牛进行A型口蹄疫抗体水平进行调查,液相阻断ELISA方法在现实应用中对亚洲I型口蹄疫已经成熟,用同样的方法对A型口蹄疫抗体检测,探寻奶牛体内抗体消长规律,制定合理的免疫程序,从而指导奶牛A型口蹄疫的免疫。根据以往免疫经验来看,结果发现90日龄首免后,抗体滴度开始回升,免后21d回升到最高1:324(1:128),之后开始下降,28d后免疫抗体滴度回落至1:204,说明首免抗体维持时间较短,需要进行2免,2免后免疫抗体保护率可维持4个月,再进行3免,抗体滴度又很快回升,且维持较长时间。说明A型口蹄疫间隔28d进行2免,再间隔4个月进行3免,以后每隔4个月免疫1次。适时地加强免疫有利于牛群抵抗A型口蹄疫;FMD疫苗对育成、青年和成年期都有理想的免疫效果。     

园林空间类型划分及景观感知特征量化研究

首先以地形、山石、水体、植物、建筑作为构成园林空间的基本要素,运用排列法和特尔菲法对园林空间类型进行了划分和确定;其次运用SD法,以对应24种园林空间类型的24段录像为分析样本,对空间景观感知特征进行了量化评价;最后利用因子分析法对评价结果进行了因子分析,得出了园林空间视觉效果的评价结构。研究结果表明:色彩因子、形式因子、自然因子、空间因子代表了园林空间景观感知特征的大部分信息;各种空间类型的美感和吸引力评价最高;围合和半围合空间类型则表现出缺乏光感、易生郁闭之不足。     

Effects of delmadinone acetate on pituitary-adrenal function, glucose tolerance and growth hormone in male dogs

Objective To characterise the effects of delmadinone acetate on the pituitary-adrenal axis, glucose tolerance and growth hormone concentration in normal male dogs and dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Design A prospective study involving nine normal male dogs and seven with prostatic hyperplasia.
Procedure Delmadinone acetate was administered to six normal male dogs and seven dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia at recommended dose rates (1.5 mg/kg subcuta-neously at 0, 1 and 4 weeks). Three normal controls received saline at the same intervals. Blood concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, glucose, insulin and growth hormone were measured over 50 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance and ACTH response tests were performed before and after treatment in the nine normal animals.
Results A substantial suppression of basal and 2 h post-ACTH plasma cortisol secretion was demonstrated after one dose in all dogs given delmadinone acetate. Individual responses after the second and third administration varied between recovery in adrenal responsiveness to continued suppression. Plasma ACTH concentration was also diminished after one treatment. No effects were evident on glucose tolerance or serum growth hormone concentrations.
Conclusion Delmadinone acetate causes adrenal suppression from inhibition of release of ACTH from the pituitary gland. Treated dogs may be at risk of developing signs of glucocorticoid insufficiency if subjected to stressful events during or after therapy. Neither glucose intolerance nor hyper-somatotropism seems likely in male dogs given delmadinone acetate at the recommended dose rate, but the potential for excessive growth hormone secretion in treated bitches remains undetermined.     

蜂胶抗炎功效成分研究

为确定中国杨属型蜂胶的抗炎功效成分,用100ng/ml脂多糖(LPS)和40μg/ml氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)分别诱导脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVECs)损伤。通过SRB法分别检测蜂胶水提物中分离的11种组分和蜂胶乙酸乙酯提取物中分离的8段组分对2种炎症细胞模型细胞存活率的影响。结果表明:蜂胶水提物中的11种组分不同程度的促进2种炎症细胞的细胞存活率,乙酸乙酯提取物中的8段组分也是不同程度的提高2种炎症细胞的细胞存活率。由此可知,蜂胶的抗炎功效成分十分复杂,很可能是多种成分协同功效的结果,而且酚酸类物质发挥了一定的作用。