国内芦荟文献分析

作者以文献计量学方法，统计分析了1989—2001年间《中刊全文数据库(重庆维普)》中收录的芦荟研究文献，探讨了芦荟文献研究的年代分布、主题分布和期刊分布，初步总结了当前国内芦荟研究的现状，并由此提出了几点建议。     

精氨酸和维拉帕米对缓解胎鼠宫内发育迟缓的影响

本研究在日粮中添加精氨酸(L-Arg)和钙阻滞剂维拉帕米,旨在探讨L-Arg通过钙信号对小鼠宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)的影响。将160只雌性小白鼠随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,L-Arg组、钙阻滞剂组、L-Arg+维拉帕米组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%L-Arg、8 mg/kg维拉帕米、0.5%L-Arg+8 mg/kg维拉帕米。在妊娠第10、12、14、16天颈部放血处死母鼠,剖腹取胎鼠、子宫和胎盘等样品,测定相关指标,取14 d母鼠子宫固定于Carnoy’s和多聚甲醛中,分别用作肥大细胞(MC)、HE和免疫组化染色。结果表明:Arg组胎鼠数量、胎鼠体重等IUGR指标显著高于对照组(P0.05),维拉帕米组显著或极显著低于Arg组(P0.05或P0.01);L-Arg组子宫MC数显著低于对照组(P0.05),极显著低于维拉帕米组(P0.01);Arg组子宫巨噬细胞数较对照组显著增多(P0.05),维拉帕米组较对照组显著减少(P0.05),Arg组与维拉帕米组差异极显著(P0.01);L-Arg组子宫微血管(MVD)数较对照组显著增多(P0.05),较维拉帕米组显著减少(P0.05)。综上,L-Arg通过调控MC释放介质来提高母鼠的繁殖能力,维拉帕米能阻止Arg该作用,表明L-Arg通过钙信号发挥生物学作用,是其缓解IUGR的机理之一。     

Open woodland in Europe in the Mesolithic and in the Middle Ages: Can there be a connection?

In Grazing Ecology and Forest History F.W.M. Vera published his hypothesis that Europe's primeval vegetation was not closed forest but a more open, park-like landscape maintained by the grazing of large herbivores. The palaeoecological evidence has been re-examined a number of times, however, Vera's research and conclusions about more recent periods (ca. 500–1900 a.d.) have so far been neglected. These, nonetheless, are equally significant elements in the testing of the hypothesis, and deserve to be evaluated. It is argued in this paper that historical sources could be used in testing the hypothesis; however, analysis should concentrate on particular areas and periods and derive a synthesis from these. Vera mixes sources from many regions and periods in the same analysis, which therefore does not provide useful information about the hypothesis. Furthermore, Vera's analysis is based on the assumption that early medieval written sources depict a landscape that is in direct connection with the pre-Neolithic open vegetation, although in some early medieval landscapes domestic animals replaced the original large herbivores. He also claims that medieval coppices were formed straight out of this primeval vegetation. However, current landscape archaeological research shows that areas unaffected by human activity were virtually non-existent in the European lowlands by the Early Middle Ages, therefore early medieval Royal Forests and high medieval coppices were not formed out of primeval ‘wilderness.’ Because there is no direct connection between pre-Neolithic and medieval landscapes – although they can be analogous – the historical ecological evidence in Grazing Ecology and Forest History is irrelevant to the hypothesis. The hypothesis could only be tested if it were first proved that at a particular place the pre-Neolithic vegetation survived until the Early Middle Ages.     

Effect of dietary pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) and Aloe vera gel (Aloe barbadensis miller) supplementation on testicular antioxidant biomarkers and spermatogenesis enzymes in mature V-Line rabbit bucks

Rabbit meat is considered as an economic source of white meat, increasing its production is limited by the buck fertility, since one rabbit can be used to inseminate up to 15 female. The aim of the current study is to enhance male rabbit fertility by using dietary antioxidants including Aloe vera gel ( AVG ) and pomegranate peels ( PP ). In a 60 days experiment, 48 V-Line 5-month-old rabbit bucks of average body weight (2,300 ± 20) kg were allocated into four dietary treatments (n = 12/group) as follow: CON (fed on control diet), ALOE (received AVG in drinking water; 500 mg/L drinking water), POM3 (fed on basal diet + 3% of pomegranate) and POM5 (fed on basal diet + 5% of pomegranate). Semen samples were collected at d30 and d60 of the experiment and used for analysis of semen quality. Sexual behaviour was reported in terms of latency to first mating and ejaculation interval. At the end of the experiment, six bucks were euthanized from each group, blood samples were collected and used for testosterone level determination and testicular tissue samples were collected and used for key antioxidant and spermatogenesis enzymes assessment, and testes histopathological evaluation. The UNIVARIATE procedures of SAS 9.4 were used to analyse the data, significance was declared at p ≤.05. PP supplementation improved percentage of progressive motile sperms while AVG negatively impacted it (p = .04), sperm concentration and metabolically active sperm cells were the highest in PP and lowest in ALOE supplemented bucks (p = .01 and .01; respectively). Testicular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased in AVG supplemented group (p = .01 and .02; respectively). From our findings, AVG in its fresh form decreased fertility of rabbit bucks, while PP is potent fertility boosting for rabbit bucks.