棉酚和VA在水牛尿石症发生中的作用

选用３４头无既往病史、９￣１２月龄的未去势公水牛随机分为４组，采用二因子二水平４种处理，即：棉籽饼组、煮沸棉籽饼（煮饼）组、添加维生素Ａ组和不添加ＶＡ组，对４组水牛进行了１２周人工诱病和预防试验。对血清中游离棉酚、结合棉酚、ＶＡ的动态变化和组织中游离棉酚、结合棉酚含量及组织病理学改变进行了观察。试验结果：２４头试验牛中有１６头发生临床尿石症，其中煮饼组发病１２头，棉籽饼组发病４头；水牛血清及组织中     

犬尿石症的诊治

通过对犬尿石症26例手术治疗,治愈23例,治愈率90%以上。结果表明,膀胱内结石有2种类型:一种是大而圆的结石,表面光滑或粗糙;另一种呈大沙粒状,呈星状或不定形状。尿道内结石有2种形态:不固定的晶体形状或钟乳石样。     

Cystinuria in the dog: clinical studies during 14 years of medical treatment

The purpose of this study was to summarize 14 years of clinical experience with medical treatment of 88 cystinuric dogs. Of special interest was evaluation of recurrence rate of cystine uroliths and adverse effects during long-term tiopronin treatment. Twenty-six different breeds were recognized, and the most common breeds were Dachshunds, Tibetan Spaniels, and Basset Hounds. In 76 of 88 treated dogs (86%), re-formation of cystine uroliths was prevented. Recurrence rate of cystine uroliths changed from 7 months before to 18 months during tiopronin treatment. On 28 occasions, bladder stones were found, and in about 60% of the dogs, the uroliths dissolved. Quantitative measurement of the urinary excretion of cystine showed a significantly (P < .03) higher excretion of cystine in dogs with recurrent urolith formation than in dogs with only 1 urolith episode. Another finding was a significant (P = .02) decrease in urinary cystine excretion in older (>5 years) than in younger (<5 years) dogs. Adverse effects were found in 11 dogs, and the most severe signs were aggressiveness and myopathy. All signs disappeared when tiopronin treatment was stopped. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of an individual strategy for lifelong treatment of cystinuria. In addition to increasing water intake, chemical modification of the cysteine molecule into a more soluble form by means of tiopronin is useful. In dogs with re-formed cystine uroliths, dissolution may be induced by increasing the tiopronin dosage to 40 mg/kg body weight per day. In dogs with a low urolith recurrence rate and low urinary cystine excretion, the tiopronin dosage may be decreased or treatment discontinued.     

饲喂棉籽饼水牛尿石症发生中血清维生素A含量变化及其作用的研究

选用１２头无既往病史，９－１２月龄末去势公水牛随机分为４组，每组３头。采用饲喂棉籽饼与经加水煮沸１小时后的棉籽饼，添加与不添加维生素Ａ的方法，进行了１２周的人工诱病和预防试验。对参试水牛血清中维生素Ａ含量的动态变化进行了观察。结果表明：饲喂棉籽饼与饲喂经加水煮沸的棉籽饼组间，添加与不添加维生素Ａ组间，表现与不表现临床尿石症水牛间血清维生素Ａ含量差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），试验期间各组水牛血清维生素     

犬尿石症发病原因及现状分析进展

犬尿石症是临床上常见的一种泌尿系统疾病,指在犬矿物质代谢紊乱情况下,尿液中析出的盐类结晶以脱落的上皮细胞等异物为核心逐渐形成的矿物质凝结物,积滞于尿路并刺激尿路黏膜引起出血、炎症和阻塞的一种泌尿系统疾病。笔者就犬尿结石症的结石成因、分类、治疗、预防等方面进行了综述。     

The Use of Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in the Treatment of Urethral Urolithiasis in the Horse: A Preliminary Study

Background: Radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is widely used in equine practice for the treatment of orthopedic problems. However, its original use as a lithotripsy device in human and canine urology led us to postulate that it could be used as an alternative to the surgical treatment of urethral calculi in horses. Hypothesis: Radial ESWT can easily and safely fragment calculi in the distal urethra of the horse. Animals: Two postmortem cases and 1 live case of obstructive urinary disease admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Liege. Methods: A radial shockwave device was directly applied to the urethra in an attempt to fragment calculi. An ex vivo trial was performed on the same retrieved calculi to investigate pressure settings in order to obtain complete fragmentation of the calculus. Results: In all cases, radial ESWT was able to fragment the calculus partially, enabling retrieval of the remaining fragments via the urethra. Much higher pressure settings than those used for in vivo partial fragmentation were necessary to obtain complete destruction of the calculi ex vivo. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This brief report suggests the use of radial ESWT as a safe and useful alternative to more invasive surgical management of urethral calculi in horses.