GIS在生态土地分类中的作用

This paper depicted the physiographic landscape features and natural vegetation situation of study area (the eastern Jilin Province), and expatiates the definition, basic characters and its development of Ecological Land Classification (ELC). Based on the combination of relief map, satellite photography for study area and vegetation inventory data of 480 sample sites, a 5-class and a 15-class ecological land type map was concluded according to 4 important factors including slope, aspect, vegetation and elevation. Ecological Classification System (ECS) is a method to identify, characterize, and map ecosystems. The Ecological Land Type (ELT) was examined and applied initially in eastern Jilin Province. Foundation item: This paper was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences “100 people” project and the Open Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem. Biography: XIAO Bao-ying (1974-), female, postgraduate in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

Role of type II innate lymphoid cells in browning of white adipose tissue

Type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are widely distributed in the blood, intestines, trachea, lung, spleen, liver, animal fat and skin, and involved in the innate immune responses. ILC2s have attracted much attention for its important roles in the conversion of white adipose to beige adipose. Studies have shown that ILC2s are essential for the proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte precursor cells, and they also play a vital role in anti-parasitic infection and allergic inflammation. This review discusses the discovery, differentiation, development, distribution and function of ILC2s, and their relationships with the browning of white adipose tissue for providing valuable references on understanding the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of obesity and fat metabolism disorders.     

青海省都兰县天然草地盐生植物资源种类及利用研究

从青海省都兰县基本情况出发,介绍了都兰县盐生植物的分布和盐生植物资源种类,并阐述了其盐生植物资源的利用情况。     

Ultrastructural impairment of islet microvascular endothelial cells in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice

AIM: To investigate the ultrastructural changes of islet microvascular endothelial cells in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into diabetic group and control group. The expression of insulin and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) in islet microvessels was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The ultrastructural changes of islet β cells and islet microvessels were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the number of islet β cells, ratio of β cells/α cells, average number of secretory granules in β cells and insulin expression area per islet in diabetic group were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Besides, diabetic group had fewer microvessels with lower expression of CD31 (P<0.01). Mitochondria in islet microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes in diabetic group were swelling. The basement membrane of islet microvessels became thicker in diabetic group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Islet microvascular endothelial cells were impaired in type 1 diabetic mice.     

秸秆还田种类对稻田N2O排放及硝化反硝化微生物的影响

以太湖流域典型单季稻田的原状土柱为研究对象,通过设置温室土柱试验,同步监测3种秸秆(水稻秸秆RS、小麦秸秆WS、玉米秸秆MS)施用下水稻各生长期N₂O排放、水稻产量和土壤理化因子,同时定量化分析多个N₂O排放相关菌群及功能基因的丰度,以阐明N₂O排放对不同种类秸秆施用引发的微生物响应机制,筛选控制单季稻田N₂O减排增效最佳的秸秆种类。结果表明：与对照相比,RS、WS和MS处理下水稻生长期N₂O排放量分别增加162.32%、107.11%和9.48%,其中RS处理显著高于MS处理。水稻生育期内,土壤氨氧化菌(AOA、AOB)和反硝化菌群落(nir S、nos Z)丰度均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势。与对照相比,拔节期RS处理显著增加AOA、AOB、nirS和nosZ拷贝数,MS和WS处理对上述功能基因丰度均无显著影响。各生育期土壤NH₄⁺-N含量整体高于NO₃^–-N含量,二者均在水稻分蘖期达到峰...     

水稻白叶枯病菌GX1329基因组文库的构建及含编码TAL效应物基因的克隆的分离

由革兰氏阴性细菌水稻白叶枯病菌引起的水稻白叶枯病是亚洲、北美以及非洲部分地区最严重的水稻病害之一,水稻白叶枯病可使水稻减产高达50％以上。研究表明水稻白叶枯病菌的毒力主要依靠三型分泌系统所分泌的效应物。为了解水稻白叶枯病菌广西菌株GX1329中含有avrBs3／pthA家族基因的情况,本研究应用Alu I部分酶切其基因组DNA,构建了含有736个克隆的菌株GX1329的基因组文库。BamHI酶切分析随机挑取的15个文库克隆表明,克隆的外源DNA随机性良好,克隆的最小片段为27．7kb,最大为58．5kb,平均大小为39．9kb,文库克隆容量约为2．8×10^3Mb,该文库中包含基因组中任一个基因的概率为99．4％。利用来自水稻白叶枯病菌菲律宾菌株PX086的无毒基因avrXa10的第252位～第486位核苷酸序列作为探针,通过菌落原位杂交从GX1329基因组文库中筛选到37个含avrBs3／pthA家族基因的克隆。再通过Southern杂交分析,得到了17个独立克隆。这17个克隆中至少含有13个不同的avrBs3／pthA家族基因。这些基因在GX1329基因组中有的单独存在,有的两个或两个以上串联存在。本工作基本上明确了菌株GX1329基因组中avrBs3／pthA家族基因的数量,为进一步研究菌株GX1329中avrBs3／pthA家族基因的功能奠定了基础。     

绵羊KAP1.1基因多态性与毛纤维直径的相关性分析

以768只中国美利奴羊(新疆军垦型)为材料,采用测序和PCR技术分析KAP1.1(B2A)基因单核苷酸多态性及其与羊毛纤维直径的相关性。结果表明:中国美利奴羊(新疆军垦型)KAP1.1基因存在30个碱基的插入/缺失和6种基因型,分别为(341 bp)AA基因型、(311 bp)BB基因型、(281 bp)CC基因型、(341 bp/311 bp)AB基因型、(341 bp/281 bp)AC基因型和(311 bp/281 bp)BC基因型。AA、BC、AC、AB和CC基因型间的毛卷曲度、细度离散、毛长、污毛重、净毛率和密度差异不显著(P>0.05),而BB基因型羊只的平均纤维直径显著小于AA、BC、AC、AB和CC基因型羊只的平均纤维直径(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,KAP1.1基因可作为绵羊毛纤维直径的主要候选基因之一,BB基因型可作为分子标记用于预测绵羊毛纤维直径。     

玉米果穗剥皮辊型及其主要参数优选试验

在前人研究基础上，用实验法在室内专用试验台架上对玉米果穗剥皮辊型及其主要运动与结构参数进行多指标正交试验，以求进一步摸清各参数对剥皮性能影响程度及其变化规律，寻求较优参数组合，为研究设计米果穗剥皮机械提供科学依据。     

缓释肥类型与运筹对不同穗型水稻产量的影响

以大穗型品种甬优2640和多穗型品种南粳9108为材料,270 kg hm–2纯氮条件下,选用树脂包衣(PCU)、硫包衣(SCU)和脲甲醛(UF)3种缓控释肥类型,设置了缓控释肥与尿素均基施、缓控释肥基施后分蘖期施尿素2种施肥方式,以常规尿素定量分施为对照(CK)。结果表明,缓控释肥的应用对甬优2640无增产效应。主要因为甬优2640穗大粒多,群体颖花量大。与CK比,相对集中在前中期的肥效难以满足植株全生育期生长,中后期叶面积指数下降快,氮素积累少,光合势弱,物质生产量不足,不能实现群体大库容的有效充实。而对南粳9108,脲甲醛基施+尿素分蘖期施处理比CK增产5.2%~5.9%,树脂包衣基施+尿素分蘖期施和脲甲醛+尿素均基施处理与CK平产的同时可减少施肥2~3次。2种运筹方式中,以缓控释肥基施后分蘖期施用尿素处理能有效增加植株茎蘖数,提高成穗率和最终穗数,扩大叶面积指数,增强光合势,增加干物质和氮素的积累,获得高产。3种肥料类型中,产量呈现UFPCUSCU。脲甲醛基施+分蘖期施尿素处理之所以能使南粳9108获得比CK更高的产量,是因为UF的肥效在中后期依然能相对稳定释放,配合尿素的分蘖期施用,既保证了前期分蘖的发生,又能保证高峰苗后稳定的茎蘖数和群体叶面积指数,植株在拔节后的光合势和物质积累量大,氮肥利用率高,增产显著。由此可见,针对不同穗型和产量特性的水稻品种,优选缓控释肥类型基施的同时,分蘖期配合速效肥料的施用,可获得既省工又增产的效果。     

基于TM遥感图像的土地覆盖类型识别分析——以和田河两岸绿洲为例

土地利用/覆盖变化（Land Use/Cover Change,LUCC）是全球土地利用/覆盖研究的一个主要核心内容。和田河两岸绿洲的可持续发展对干旱半干旱地区具有理论与现实意义。以和田河两岸地区为研究对象,利用1994年和2008年的Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像,结合GIS技术提取分析和田河两岸地区1994年和2008年间土地利用动态变化信息,为今后该研究区土地的可持续利用与城市发展规划提供参考。