仔猪的生长速度与生化指标相关性的研究

根据两年来的试验结果我们发现,杜×(长北)仔猪的早期生长速度与血清甘油三酯含量之间,存在着强的负相关性.这预示:甘油三酯作为杜×(长北)仔猪早期生长速度的鉴定指标,是存在着可能性的,试验结果进一步表明,甘油三酯不仅在杜×(长北)仔猪的生长势上有预测价值,而且在三元杂交猪亲本的选择上和瘦肉型商品猪肉质的鉴定上,也具有一定的指导作用。欲改善瘦肉型商品猪的肉质,生产出甘油三酯和胆固醇含量更低、而蛋白质含量更高的三元杂交商品猪,我们认为,杜洛克母猪是首选的亲本之一。     

3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone reduces TG content in L02 cells and hepatic tissue via AMPK pathway

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) regulating lipid metabolism in human hepatic cells (L02 cells) and rabbit hepatic tissue. METHODS: L02 cells were divided into normal control group, model group, 3,4-DHAP group and simvastatin group. The cells were collected after treated with drugs for 8 h. Triglyceride (TG) content in the cells was detected by TG kit. RT-qPCR was applied to detect the mRNA expression level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The protein levels of AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), phosphorylated sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (p-SREBP-1c) and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC) were detected by Western blot. Male New Zealand white rabbits (n=32) were randomized into normal control group, model group, 3,4-DHAP group and simvastatin group. The rabbits were treated with the drugs from week 2 to week 12. At the end of week 12, all rabbits were sacrificed. The liver lipids were measured by oil red O staining, and TG content was analyzed by TG kit. The protein levels of AMPK, p-AMPK, p-SREBP-1c and p-ACC in hepatic tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: In L02 cells, compared with model group, TG content in 3,4-DHAP group was significantly decreased, and the expression of AMPK at mRNA and protein levels and the protein levels of p-AMPK, p-SREBP-1c and p-ACC were significantly increased. In rabbits of 3,4-DHAP group, the TG content was significantly decreased compared with model group, and the protein levels of AMPK, p-SREBP-1c and p-ACC were significantly increased. CONCLUSION: The AMPK signaling pathway may be involved in the mechanism of 3,4-DHAP to reduce TG content in L02 cells and rabbit hepatic tissue.     

山楂黄酮提取物降血脂研究

[目的]研究山楂黄酮提取物的降血脂作用,为其相关产品开发应用提供依据。[方法]采用渗漉法提取山楂黄酮,对SD大鼠进行试验,待大鼠形成高脂模型后,采用低、中、高剂量灌胃山楂黄酮提取物,30 d后测定大鼠血脂中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白的变化。[结果]山楂黄酮提取物使各剂量组大鼠血脂中的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白含量明显降低,对甘油三脂、高密度脂蛋白有调节作用。[结论]山楂黄酮提取物具有显著的降血脂功效。     

饲粮能量浓度对轻重型生长鸡血清甘油三酯和β——脂蛋白浓度的影响

试验观察饲粮能量浓度对轻型(蛋鸡)和重型(肉鸡)(0——10周)鸡血清甘油三酯和β——脂蛋白浓度的影响。饲粮能量浓度分别为11.38(低能,LE)、12.34(对照,中能,ME)和13.22(高能、HE)KJ/g,三个饲粮的蛋白质水平均为19％。每两周测定试禽饥饿12小时后和采食(8和10周龄)1.5小时后的血清甘油三酯及β——脂蛋白浓度。在饥饿状态下,血清甘油三酯浓度除6周龄外,肉鸡均显著地高于蛋鸡(P<0.05),在两类型鸡中,对照组有高于低能组及高能组的趋势(肉鸡P>0.05,蛋鸡P<0.05)。血清β——脂蛋白浓度既不受饲粮能量浓度的影响也不受品种类型的影响。二类型鸡二种血液成分随周龄变化的趋势相同,血清甘油三酯浓度有随周龄增加而上升的趋势,血清β——脂蛋白浓度在周龄间的变化不显著。在采食状态下,二种血液成分均非常显著地高于饥饿状态(P<0.01)。饲粮能量浓度对蛋鸡和肉鸡有不同的效应,蛋鸡的两种血液成分不受影响。肉鸡高能饲粮组的两种血液成分均显著地低于对照及低能组(P<0.05)。这似乎表明添加脂肪可降低肝脂肪的合成,加速血液脂肪进入组织中,导致体脂肪合成增加。     

Values for Triglycerides,Insulin, Cortisol,and ACTH in a Herd of Normal Donkeys

Reference ranges for triglycerides, insulin, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) are used in diagnosing hyperlipemia and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in the donkey. Values are currently compared to reference ranges of the horse so as to diagnose disease. Previous studies found differences between hematological, serum biochemical, and hormone values of the horse and donkey. We suspected that similar differences existed between horse and donkey triglyceride, insulin, cortisol, and ACTH levels. Blood samples were drawn from 44 healthy mammoth donkeys and 1 miniature donkey, ranging in age from 3 weeks to 21 years, and varying in sex and pregnancy status. All but one donkey scored 3 of 5, “ideal,” body condition scoring. Samples were tested for triglycerides, insulin, cortisol, and ACTH levels. A marked difference was found between horse and donkey normal values for triglycerides, insulin, and ACTH. The mean values and standard deviation in the tested population were 66.4 ± 34.2 mg/dL for triglycerides, 2.1 ± 2.05 μU/mL for insulin, and 66.7 ± 20.7 pg/mL for ACTH. The reference ranges in the horse are 14–77 mg/dL for triglycerides, 4.9–45.5 μU/mL for insulin, and 18.7 ± 6.8 pg/mL for ACTH. Cortisol levels were similar in the two species, a 4.0 ± 1.2 μg/dL for donkeys being within the reference range for the horse, 2.9–6.6 μg/dL. Values were not correlated to age. The sample size prevented us from determining any correlation according to sex or pregnancy status. Differences between horse and donkey triglyceride and ACTH values may be significant for accurately diagnosing and treating hyperlipemia and PPID, respectively, in the donkey.     

Serum paraoxonase activity and lipid parameters in the early postpartum period of dairy cows

The effect of early lactation on serum paraoxonase activity was studied on 21 postpartum dairy cows and 19 non-pregnant late lactating dairy cows. A significant decrease of the paraoxonase activity was found in the early postpartum period compared to the late non-pregnant lactation. The serum triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentration were also markedly reduced during the postpartum period, while the serum HDL-cholesterol concentration showed no significant change. The results indicate that lower serum paraoxonase activity is associated with lipid metabolic disorders in the early postpartum period. A decreased serum paraoxonase activity may lead to the reduction of the antioxidative capacity and antioxidative protection during the early postpartum period.     

A Proton-Pump Inhibitor Modifies the Concentration of Digestion Biomarkers in Healthy Horses

To determine the concentration of various blood biomarkers associated with digestion in healthy horses treated with different doses of omeprazole (OMPZ), four Arabian horses without gastric ulcers were selected and distributed in one factorial with four oral treatments (Control; OMPZ^BOLUS; OMPZ^4mg/kg; OMPZ^1mg/kg). Control did not receive any treatment. OMPZ^BOLUS were given 4 mg/kg of omeprazole in a single dose on the day before blood sampling. In the OMPZ^4mg/kg and OMPZ^1mg/kg treatments, horses were treated over 11 days. All treatments were performed 16 hours before morning feeding. The “washout” period was 21 days between rounds. After an overnight fasting period, blood samples were collected from all animals (T1), after which the animals received supplementation, and blood samples were collected after 30 minutes (T2), 1.0 hours (T3), 1.5 hours (T4), 2.0 hours (T5), 3.0 hours (T6), 4.0 hours (T7), 5.0 hours (T8), 6.0 hours (T9), and 7.0 hours (T10). Blood samples were analyzed for total plasma protein (TPP), glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. The results showed differences between treatments for urea, cholesterol, uric acid; between phases for glucose; and between phase and treatment for creatinine, triglycerides, phosphorus, and magnesium; however, there was no difference for TPP and calcium between treatment and between phases. Oral administration of OMPZ in healthy equines interfered with the metabolism of digestion biomarkers of lipid, mineral, and protein metabolism, although the animals were treated for a maximum of 11 days. Horses treated with a proton-pump inhibitor need to be evaluated regularly to avoid significant modification in their metabolic parameters.     

Evaluation of Factors Contributing to Daily Within-Horse Variation of Plasma Alpha-Tocopherol Concentration

The current study was conducted to evaluate daily within-horse variation of plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration (TOC) (Experiment 1 [EXPT1]) and to determine the effect of a single meal on plasma TOC (Experiment 2 [EXPT2]). In EXPT1, venous jugular blood samples were collected from four pregnant (6–7 months of gestation), light horse mares (8.8 ± 2.9 years of age, mean ± SD; range, 5–11 years of age) between 7:30 AM and 8:30 AM, followed by eight hourly samples, and analyzed for plasma TOC. All horses were fed 5 kg dry matter (DM) grass hay 18 hours before sample collection and received no additional feed during the sampling period. Mean within-horse coefficient of variation for TOC was 3.5% ± 0.01%. In EXPT2, seven mature light horses, four mares and three geldings (4.9 ± 4.4 years of age, mean ± SD; range, 2–14 years of age), were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (fasted [FST; n = 7] or fed [FD; n = 7]), followed by reversal of treatments 24 hours later. At 7:30 AM, FD horses were fed 2.1 kg DM grain-mix concentrate (187 IU vitamin E/kg DM) plus 3.3 kg DM mixed-grass hay, whereas FST horses received no feed. Neither group received any feed for 18 hours before 7:30 AM. Venous jugular blood samples were collected at 10:30 AM from all horses and analyzed for plasma TOC. The mean (±SD) within-horse paired-treatment difference was not significant (0.05 ± 0.12 μg/mL). The results suggest that variation in within-horse plasma TOC is relatively small over an 8-hour period in fasting horses and is unaffected 3 hours after a hay grain meal.