林木抗旱性生理指标及其在干旱区造林中应用研究

<正> 中国干旱半干旱区面积占全国面积的52.5%,半壁河山是以水分胁迫为主导限制因子的特殊生态区。为了提高这一地区的造林质量,选择旱生和抗旱性强的树种造林是主要造林技术之一。对于如何评价和比较林木的抗旱性,传统方法多采用对林木生态环境因子及对林木生     

平安县退耕还林选择树种的调查

对平安县退耕还林选择树种进行了调查。结果表明：浅山地区选择的沙棘、白榆、柽柳、山杏、杨树、沙枣、油松、柠条和樟子松中,油松和樟子松不宜作为退耕地造林树种;脑山地区选择的云杉、红桦、白榆、沙棘和杨树中,白榆不宜作为退耕地造林树种;其他树种均可用作平安县退耕还林的造林树种。     

不同牡丹品种开花期间花瓣花青素和类黄酮组成的动态变化

[目的]牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa)是中国传统名花之一,花色丰富,品种多样,通过测定不同花色品种在花朵开放期间花瓣花青素苷、类黄酮苷的种类和含量,并分析其动态变化规律,为牡丹花色的呈色机理及不同花色育种提供参考.[方法]选择5种不同花色的牡丹品种为试验材料,采集蕾期(S1)、露色期(S2)、盛开期(...     

不同苹果矮化中间砧组合适宜栽植密度试验

[目的]确定不同苹果矮化中间砧组合宽行密植栽培模式的合理栽植密度.[方法]选用2010年的定植天红2号/SH40/八棱海棠、烟富3/M9/八棱海棠、烟富3/M26/八棱海棠为试材,进行不同栽植密度试验,调查分析树体发育情况、枝类组成、果实品质、产量.其中,栽培密度：天红2号/SH40/八棱海棠0.75 m×4.00m、1.50m×4.00m、1.00m×4.00m、1.25 m ×4.00m;烟富3/M9/八棱海棠1.25m×4.00m、1.00m×4.00m、0.75 m×4.00m;烟富3/M26/八棱海棠1.50m×4.00m、1.25 m ×4.00 m、1.00 m ×4.00 m、0.75 m ×4.00m.[结果]3种砧穗组合所有处理树高均小于行距,行间均无交接现象,果胎枝所占比例0.75 m×4.00m和1.00m×4.00m处理较高.天红2号/SH40/八棱海棠以栽植密度0.75 m ×4.00 m处理产量最高,1.00m×4.00m处理果实硬度最高,1.25m×4.00m处理干截面积产量最低;烟富3/M9/八棱海棠以栽植密度0.75 m×4.00 m处理产量最高,并且果实品质优于其他处理;烟富3/M26/八棱海棠以1.25 m ×4.00 m处理干截面积产量较高,0.75 m×4.00m处理产量最高,并且果实品质优于1.25m×4.00m和1.50 m ×4.00 m处理.另外,0.75 m×4.00m栽植密度下,烟富3/M9/八棱海棠产量最高,烟富3/M26/八棱海棠次之,红2号/SH40/八棱海棠最低.[结论]烟富3/M26/八棱海棠和烟富3/M9/八棱海棠进行宽行密植栽培株行距选择0.75 m×4.00m为宜,天红2号/SH40/八棱海棠应选择0.75m ×4.00 m或1.00 m ×4.00 m.     

昆明地区大树移植技术探讨与分析

随着昆明地区城市建设的快速发展,城市绿化规模日益扩大,大树移植被越来越多地应用到城市绿化中.为了提高大树移植后的成活率,该文探索和分析了大树移植各个环节的技术要点,以期为城市绿化中大树移植提供参考.     

避雨栽培下"凤丹白"籽油提取及理化指标分析

[目的]为在江南湿热地区推广种植油用牡丹,采用避雨栽培地区模式对"凤丹白"品种进行试种,采收种子并进行籽油提取和指标测定,比较其与正常露地栽培指标异同.[方法]在杭州海涂围垦地区采用全年避雨栽培"凤丹白"品种的油用牡丹,收获种子后亚临界萃取法获得籽油,测试该种植模式下含油量、主要特征指标、主要脂肪酸含量、主要理化性质等的数据,通过与露天栽培下的该品种相关指标的比较分析,明确保护地种植下油用牡丹的籽油品质.[结果]避雨栽培下,"凤丹白"长势良好,籽油综合品质与露地产籽油没有显著差异.[结论]研究可为今后在江南湿热地区推广种植油用牡丹提供重要参考依据.     

山东省针叶树(球果类)引种驯化及评价

树木的引种驯化是增加林木种质资源的一种传统育种方法。山东省有记载的针叶树引种历史应追溯到19世纪末至20世纪初,在20世纪50年代和70年代分别出现两个引种高峰期,分别占引种种质的26.5%和21.5%。山东有计划的科学引种针叶树种约30个,其中银杏科1个属1个种,19份种质;松科5个属39份种质;杉科4个属5份种质;柏科3个属3个种质,共计66份种质,其中松科种质占总引种种质59.09%,而松属种质占松科种质79.49%。从1978~2006年省林业厅鉴定或获奖的项目中针叶树遗传改良占4.77%,审(认)定品种占总数量5.22%。建议:(1)强化针叶树引种驯化策略;(2)明确引种驯化程序、标准和关键技术;引种驯化与种质创新相结合;(3)重视乡土树种驯化及开发。本文对针叶树引种驯化与遗传改良进行了评价。     

园林植物病虫害系统控制的几点思考

分析了园林植物病虫害系统控制的重要性,针对园林病虫害系统控制的特殊性,从园林健康方面,提出了园林植物病虫害系统控制需注意的几个主要问题:园林工作者要具有园林健康意识,注重园林植物病虫害系统控制的科学性和前瞻性;建立本地区的园林植物病虫害和天敌以及小环境的系统网络体系,重视园林植物病虫害系统控制的目标化;乡土树种的合理利用和优质苗木的选育;进一步探索园林健康及病虫害系统控制的论证。     

虚拟现实与果树修剪

虚拟现实是近年来发展迅速、引人关注的研究热点。本文提出了虚拟现实在农业领域——果树修剪技术推广中应用的可能性。简述了虚拟现实的基本概念和应用现状,并就“虚拟果树修剪系统”提出了初步设想和基本思路。     

Spatial and temporal variability of air temperature across urban neighborhoods with varying amounts of tree canopy

Recent studies have emphasized the presence of microclimates in urban settings, but most do not have the high resolution observations necessary to understand the interactions taking place at a neighborhood scale. This study used a network of 10 identical weather stations and high resolution land cover data in Knoxville, Tennessee, to analyze the microclimates of a medium-sized city with a temperate climate. Two stations were installed in each of four urban neighborhoods in locations with varying localized tree cover, and two additional stations were installed in the center of downtown and in a nearby urban nature center. The intra-neighborhood results suggested that there is significant temperature variability within a single neighborhood based on the tree canopy density immediately surrounding a given weather station. However, the inter-neighborhood variability (differences between neighborhoods) was similar in magnitude, which suggests that the overall differences in neighborhood characteristics also have an effect on climate. Land cover at the neighborhood scale (in particular tree canopy percentages at the 500-m radii) had the highest correlation with the minimum daily temperature (Tmin) during the summer season. Maximum daily temperature (Tmax) relied most on the distance of each station from Downtown and the amount of impervious area in the 50 m surrounding each station. Tmax was also most influenced by surrounding land cover during dry conditions (a Dry Moderate air mass). Overall, highly localized impervious land cover percentages and larger-scale forested canopy were important in explaining temperature fluctuation, pointing to the importance of scale in microclimate assessments. Dry air masses enhanced the relationship between land cover and temperature during the day, while moist air masses did the same overnight. These data can be used to better inform planning strategies to build resiliency to extreme heat into urban environments by considering the influence of tree canopy.