甘蔗单糖转运蛋白基因ShPST2a克隆及亚细胞定位

参照GenBank中公布的甘蔗品种Q117ShPST2a基因序列,设计特异性引物,采用RT-PCR方法从甘蔗成熟茎秆中扩增出甘蔗单糖转运蛋白的基因序列,命名为ShPST2a,该序列长2 455 bp,包含1个2238 bp阅读框,编码745个氨基酸;构建该基因的瞬时表达载体,通过基因枪轰击洋葱表皮的方法对ShPST2a编码蛋白进行亚细胞定位研究.结果表明,该基因编码蛋白定位于细胞膜,符合细胞膜转运蛋白的特征,为进一步研究该基因编码蛋白的结构和功能奠定了基础.     

The livestock photosensitizer, phytoporphyrin (phylloerythrin), is a substrate of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2

Hepatogenous photosensitization occurs in livestock following damage to the liver or biliary apparatus that results in impaired excretion of phytoporphyrin (phylloerythrin), a photosensitizer. Based on earlier observations that porphyrin-based photosensitizers are substrates of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2, we examined the ability of the hepatic transporters ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) and ABCG2 to transport phytoporphyrin. Transport of phytoporphyrin was blocked by the ABCG2-specific inhibitor fumitremorgin C (FTC) in human embryonic kidney cells transfected with full length human ABCG2, while no transport by cells transfected with human ABCB1 was noted. FTC-inhibited transport of phytoporphyrin was also demonstrated in ABCG2-expressing LLC-PK1 pig kidney cells, consistent with the idea that the pig orthologue, like human ABCG2, transports the photosensitizer. ABCG2 expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in the hepatocytes of cow, pig and sheep livers. We conclude that phytoporphyrin is a substrate for ABCG2 and that the transporter is likely responsible for its biliary excretion.     

植物中硅的功能和转运

从生物学角度对植物吸收、积累硅以及其功能进行了介绍,特别是对水稻硅转运蛋白克隆、表达、定位和性质进行了详细的说明。     

植物HKT转运蛋白研究进展

HKT（high—affinity K^＋ transporter）转运蛋白即高亲和K^＋转运载体,是与植物耐盐胁迫有关的一类Na^＋或艮转运体或Na^＋-K^＋共转运体。根据HKT类蛋白的结构及具体功能的不同该家族可以分成两个亚家族,亚家族1最重要的功能区域所含氨基酸为丝氨酸,是Na^＋特异性载体,而亚家族2在该点则是甘氨酸,是Na^＋-K^＋的协同运输体或Na^＋-K^＋的单一转运体。具体到不同基因,不同植物,以及不同环境条件下HKT的具体作用不尽相同。本文综述了近年来国内外对HKT类蛋白的研究成果与进展,涉及到HKT家族的命名,亚家族的分类,HKT家族各个基因同源性以及其表达部位等。对HKT的深入研究对提高作物K^＋的利用效率,减少盐渍危害,具有十分重要的意义。     

Role of transporters in paraquat resistance of horseweed Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.

Paraquat (Pq) inducible transporters are presumed to play a role in the resistance mechanism of horseweed and to function by carrying paraquat to a metabolically inactive compartment. The uptake and intracellular localisation of paraquat, the effect of transporter inhibitors on resistance, and paraquat-induced gene expression were studied to obtain a better understanding of the mechanism of resistance. Investigations proved that paraquat entered the cells of both resistant and susceptible biotypes, approached the maximum within the first hour in chloroplasts, and then declined in all organelle fractions. In the resistant biotype paraquat was located in the vacuoles a day after treatment. Selective transporter inhibitors blocked the sequestration of paraquat, suggesting the participation of not directly energized transporters. Four EST fragments were identified that were expressed in response to paraquat. Two of them are thought to play a role in the general stress response (Ferr2, Myb). The others exhibit a similarity to transporters (EmrE, CAT) and could conceivably be involved in the intracellular transport of paraquat and the mechanism of resistance.     

植物高亲和性钾离子转运系统

钾是植物生存的必需元素,而K＋必须从细胞外摄取以满足植物自身的生理需要。植物K＋吸收可分为高亲和吸收与低亲和吸收,其中植物高亲和性K＋转运体包括HAKs和HKTs。在普遍缺钾的陆生环境中,HAKs和HKTs在转运K＋时发挥了主要作用。主要综述了这2个转运体的功能、转运机制和最新研究进展。     

Synergy research: approaching a new generation of phytopharmaceuticals

The longstanding, successful use of herbal drug combinations in traditional medicine demands that we find a rationale for their comparative pharmacological and therapeutic superiority to isolated single constituents. The synergistic efficacy of these combinations can be evaluated and verified by Berenbaum's isobole method, followed by clinical studies performed in comparison with synthetic standard drugs. There are many examples of mono- and multi-extract combinations used presently, which exhibit synergistic efficiency based on multi-target mechanisms of action. Among the natural products, gallocatechins of green tea and curcuminoids of ginger are the presently favoured polyphenols for a possible future use in co-medication with antibiotics and standard anticancer drugs. The main targets were found to be COX 1 + 2, NF-κB, and membrane glycoproteins that belong to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family.     

农用运输车仪表板对头部撞击损伤分析

在农用运输车发生正面碰撞和紧急制动时,乘员头部和仪表板的撞击易造成头部撞击损伤。因此,对于没有配备安全气囊及规定乘车系安全带的情况,开发安全驾驶室内饰组件、研究人的头部在碰撞中的机械响应特性具有重要的实际意义。本文应用有限元软件对常见农用运输车仪表板的吸能特性和头部撞击仪表板后的动态响应进行了仿真分析,为设计和改进更加符合碰撞安全性的仪表板提供参考。     

Overexpression of TAP1 up-regulates HLA-Ι in human glioma U251 cells

AIM：To investigate the relationship between the overexpression of transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) and the human leukocyte antigen I (HLA-I).METHODS：The full length of TAP1 gene was obtained from the cDNA library. The lentiviral vector pSIN-EF2-IRES-GFP-puro was digested by BamH I and EcoR I, and the full length of TAP1 gene was inserted into the vector by T4 DNA ligase. Subsequently, the recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α cells and the correct transformant was selected. The recombinant plasmid and the Lenti-X HTX packaging mixture were co-transfected into 293T cells, and the virus particle was acquired. Human glioma U251 cells were transfected with the lentivirus. The expression of TAP1 and HLA-I was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometric analysis.RESULTS：TAP1 gene was successfully transfected into the U251 cells and stably expressed in the cell line. The expression of TAP1 in U251 cells at mRNA and protein levels increased by (8.73±1.07) and (11.71±0.83) folds, respectively. As a result, the mRNA expression of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C (heavy chain) and β2-microglobulin (light chain) was up-regulated by (3.51±0.36), (4.78±0.85), (2.94±0.28) and (3.23±0.24) folds, respectively. The protein expression of HLA-I also increased to (3.14±0.53) fold. The surface expression of HLA-I on the U251 cells transfected with TAP1 gene was largely enhanced as well.CONCLUSION：Overexpression of TAP1 up-regulates the expression of HLA-I. TAP1 plays an important role in HLA-I processing pathway.