喹乙醇在鸡体内的毒物动力学及其生化毒性和病理学研究

本文对１３只健康ＡＡ鸡单次内服喹乙醇中毒剂量（１２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）作了毒物动力学分析。用乙腈—乙酸乙酯混合溶剂提取血浆中的喹乙醇,反相高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ法）测定浓度。喹乙醇内服给药的药时数据适合一级吸收二室开放模型。毒物动力学主要参数为：ｔ１／２Ｋａ０．６３±０．２６ｈ,ｔ１／２α１．１２±０．３４ｈ,ｔ１／２β７．２６±３．０２ｈ,Ｋｅ０．５９±０．１５ｈ－１,Ｔｍａｘ１．１９±０．３１ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ７１．４０±１２．８１μｇ／ｍｌ,ＡＵＣ２５８．１２±３６．１１ｍｇ／Ｌ．ｈ。本试验表明,内服中毒剂量的喹乙醇在ＡＡ鸡体内的吸收、分布均很迅速,但消除缓慢;给药后２４ｈ,血药浓度均高于０．２μｇ／ｍｌ     

Use and abuse of pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids in veterinary medicine

Pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in veterinary medicine for agricultural and domestic purposes. Although pyrethrins and pyrethroids are generally regarded as safe to animals, there have been reports of systemic poisoning in veterinary species. This review summarises the use of pyrethrins and pyrethroids in companion and food producing animals, including their mechanism of action and toxicity. The toxicokinetics of pyrethrins and pyrethroids are described, including absorption, distribution, metabolism (including interactions with other compounds affecting drug metabolising enzymes) and excretion, leading to the application of toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic concepts. Specific cases of pyrethroid poisoning in laboratory animals (including age-related toxicity), fish, companion and large animals are considered, including the high incidence of feline pyrethroids toxicosis following the extra-label use of topical formulations.