妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏治疗睑缘炎152例疗效分析

目的探讨妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏在睑缘炎中的治疗效果．方法选取睑缘炎患者152例,根据治疗方案分为两组,76例患者采用红霉素眼膏治疗为对照组,76例患者采用妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏治疗为观察组,疗程4周,比较两组患者的7d近期疗效、28d远期疗效、眼压改变情况、不良反应情况．结果治疗后,两组患者眼压均显著升高,观察组患者眼压（16．3±2．2）mmHg明显高于对照组（14．5±1．6）mmHg;观察组患者7d近期疗效（30．3％）、28d远期疗效（92．1％）均明显好于对照组（13．2％,63．2％）;观察组患者不良反应发生率（1．3％）明显低于对照组（9．2％）,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．结论妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏是治疗睑缘炎的有效药物,可明显改善患眼的临床病症,显著提高疾病治愈率,不良反应少,且安全性高,值得临床推广使用．     

Population Pharmacokinetics of Tobramycin in Horses

Population pharmacokinetics of tobramycin was investigated in 28 healthy horses, with an aim to assess interindividual variability in the disposition of the antibiotic. Additionally, a covariate model for improved prediction of the concentrations in a particular animal was developed. A two-compartmental model best described the data. The final population covariate regression model was based on relationships between body weight and central and peripheral volumes of distribution, and between creatinine clearance and systemic tobramycin clearance. The value of population systemic tobramycin clearance and its interindividual variation (CV) were 0.087 L.hr⁻¹.kg⁻¹ and 6.0%, respectively. The respective values for central and peripheral volumes of distribution were 0.652 L.kg⁻¹ with CV of 17.7% and 1.56 L.kg⁻¹ with CV of 4.5%. In horses with decreased glomerular filtration rate, lower tobramycin clearance is predicted with the population model that requires administration of lower dose than that accepted for treatment of horses with normal kidney function. Population pharmacokinetic analysis allows study of basic disposition of tobramycin in horses with sparse data. The prediction power of the regression model was improved by inclusion of covariables such as body weight and creatinine clearance. This model can be used in direct patient care for the construction of dosing strategy in individual clinical cases.     

安普霉素中妥布霉素检查方法的研究

采用薄层色谱法。浆样品溶液与安普霉素及妥布霉素标准溶液,分别点５μｇ于硅胶ＧＦ２５４薄层板上,以甲醇－氯仿－氨水（６：２：４）为展开剂,开展后,置碘蒸气中熏后,在紫外光灯（２５４ｎｍ）下检视,将样品、安普霉素、妥布霉素各溶液显示的主斑点位置进行比较,能较理想的确定样品中是否含有妥霉素。     

Pharmacokinetics of tobramycin in ducks and sex-related differences

The aims of the present study were to determine the disposition of tobramycin after single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) injections in ducks, and to establish any sex-related differences. Tobramycin sulfate was administered as a 2.5% water solution in a cross-over design at a dose of 5 mg/kg to 12 healthy ducks (six males and six females). Concentrations of the drug in serum were determined by a microbiological assay. The serum pharmacokinetic values for tobramycin were best represented using a one- or two-compartment open model, depending on the method of administration. Non-compartment analysis was also performed after IV administration. Tobramycin had a low degree of distribution and a relatively fast elimination. The mean volume of distribution in ducks (males and females) was higher than that reported in pigeons but lower than in chickens, with a slower rate of elimination. The IM injection resulted in a fast and complete absorption. The rate of elimination after IM administration was about twice as slow as in other avian species. Sex-related variations in tobramycin pharmacokinetics were similar to those reported for kanamycin and apramycin in hens and roosters.