Detection of Colletotrichum coccodes from soil and potato tubers by conventional and quantitative real-time PCR

Colletotrichum coccodes is the causal agent of the potato blemish disease black dot. Two PCR primer sets were designed to sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) regions for use in a nested PCR. The genus-specific outer primers (Cc1F1/Cc2R1) were designed to regions common to Colletotrichum spp., and the species-specific nested primers (Cc1NF1/Cc2NR1) were designed to sequences unique to C . coccodes . The primer sets amplified single products of 447 bp (Cc1F1/Cc2R1) and 349 bp (Cc1NF1/Cc2NR1) with DNA extracted from 33 European and North American isolates of C. coccodes. The specificity of primers Cc1NF1/Cc2NR1 was confirmed by the absence of amplified product with DNA of other species representing the six phylogenetic groups of the genus Colletotrichum and 46 other eukaryotic and prokaryotic plant pathogenic species. A rapid procedure for the direct extraction of DNA from soil and potato tubers was used to verify the PCR assay for detecting C. coccodes in environmental samples. The limit of sensitivity of PCR for the specific detection of C. coccodes when inoculum was added to soils was 3·0 spores per g, or the equivalent of 0·06 microsclerotia per g soil, the lowest level of inoculum tested. Colletotrichum coccodes was also detected by PCR in naturally infested soil and from both potato peel and peel extract from infected and apparently healthy tubers. Specific primers and a TaqMan fluorogenic probe were designed to perform quantitative real-time (TaqMan) PCR to obtain the same levels of sensitivity for detection of C. coccodes in soil and tubers during a first-round PCR as with conventional nested PCR and gel electrophoresis. This rapid and quantitative PCR diagnostic assay allows an accurate estimation of tuber and soil contamination by C. coccodes .     

薄壳山核桃疮痂病菌TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

疮痂病是薄壳山核桃上最具毁灭性的病害,带菌植物材料是传播疮痂病的重要来源。准确、灵敏、快速的检测方法可为该病害流行规律调查和防控提供有力的依据。本文通过比较薄壳山核桃疮痂病菌Venturia effusa及其近似种之间的ITS序列差异,设计了特异性引物和TaqMan探针,建立了薄壳山核桃疮痂病菌的荧光定量PCR检测方法。特异性检测结果表明,该方法可以检测不同地区的薄壳山核桃疮痂病菌菌株,而对其近似种以及薄壳山核桃上的其他真菌均没有信号。本研究建立的检测方法对薄壳山核桃疮痂病菌DNA的最低检测限可达0.5 pg/μL。该方法用于田间样品检测时,检测时间仅需1 h,远快于常规的分离培养法。本研究建立的基于TaqMan探针的荧光定量PCR检测方法为薄壳山核桃疮痂病菌的快速检测和监测提供了有力工具。     

中草药青蒿(Artemisia annua L.)的实时荧光PCR检测

中草药青蒿,学名黄花蒿(Artem isia annuaL.),属于中国独有的抗疟药用植物资源之一。根据蒿属植物rDNA ITS序列多态性设计TaqM an探针及引物,通过实时荧光PCR方法对黄花蒿进行检测。结果表明:该组探针-引物对黄花蒿有很强的特异性,除黄花蒿外,其余8种对照蒿属材料均未检测到荧光信号。该方法快速、简便、安全、准确,适用于黄花蒿的出入境检验。     

柑桔黄龙病的常规PCR及荧光定量PCR检测

【目的】为柑桔黄龙病的早期诊断和寄主体内病原菌的动态监测提供一种稳定、可靠的检验检疫技术。【方法】利用亚洲韧皮杆菌核糖体蛋白基因rplJ/rplL设计了2对PCR引物CQULA03F/CQULA03R、CQULA04F/CQULA04R和1条TaqMan探针CQULAP1，以此为基础建立了常规PCR和TaqMan探针法、SYBR Green I荧光染料法两种荧光定量PCR（共3种）反应体系；确定了3种体系各自的检测灵敏度、特异性和准确性，据此对3种体系进行了比较；从2004年7月到2005年5月还利用常规PCR和TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR体系完成了对柑桔黄龙病病原菌在寄主体内的周年变化的动态监测。【结果】两种荧光定量PCR方法的灵敏度比常规PCR高出至少2～3个数量级，而TaqMan探针法由于使用了杂交探针，其特异性尤其可靠，另外两种定量PCR较小的产物片段使得它们具有更好的稳定性，加上荧光定量PCR方法本身受污染可能性小、操作简便等固有优势，使得前者更适合于柑桔黄龙病的检测。【结论】本研究建立的2种荧光定量PCR方法可以为柑桔黄龙病的病害早期诊断以及柑桔黄龙病病原菌近缘种的甄别提供准确、灵敏、快速的检验检疫技术。     

微囊藻和小球藻携带WSSV量的变化及对水体游离WSSV的影响

研究了铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）和蛋白核小球藻（Chlorellapyrenoidosa）携带白斑综合症病毒（whitespotsyndromevirus,WSSV）数量变化及对水体游离WSSV量的影响。试验设置微藻高、低密度组和不加微藻的对照组,分别加入等量的WSSV粗提液,于第2、第24、第72和第120小时以实时荧光定量PCR检测藻液上清和沉淀藻体的WSSV数量。结果表明,微囊藻和小球藻可携带少量WSSV,且随时间延长而减少;微囊藻携带WSSV量与其细胞数呈显著正相关（P〈0．05）,小球藻携带WSSV量与其细胞数相关性不显著（P〉0．05）;2种微藻均有促进水体WSSV数量消减的效果,且小球藻的消减效果优于微囊藻,对养殖对虾白斑综合症（whitespotsyndrome,WSS）的生态防控更有积极意义。     

大鲵虹彩病毒TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

利用PCR技术扩增出大鲵虹彩病毒(giant salamander iridovirus, GSIV)主要衣壳蛋白(MCP)编码区长度为1 392 bp 的片段, 克隆到 pMD19-T载体上, 构建重组质粒 pMD19-T-MCP。经PCR鉴定确认正确后, 以10倍梯度稀释 pMD19-T-MCP重组质粒, 作为标准模板进行 TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR扩增, 制作标准曲线, 建立了大鲵虹彩病毒的 TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。制作的标准曲线有极好的线性关系, 且线性范围宽, 相关系数为0.990 19。组内重复试验的CT值标准偏差为0.52%。检测结果显示, 该方法对大鲵虹彩病毒的检测有高度的特异性, 与锦鲤疱疹病毒、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌以及鲤上皮瘤细胞基因组DNA之间均无交叉反应, 特异性好, 检测总DNA灵敏度为10个病毒核酸分子拷贝数, 约1.1×10-3 pg/μL病毒核酸, 较之常规PCR的敏感度高出约1 000倍。研究建立的大鲵虹彩病毒TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法灵敏度高、特异性强, 对大鲵虹彩病毒病的快速诊断与病毒病原定量检测有重要意义。     

脊尾白虾不同发育期mtDNA拷贝数变化特征分析

为了解脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)在不同发育期线粒体基因组(mtDNA)拷贝数的变化特征,本研究共采集其8个时期(受精卵期、溞状幼体Ⅰ期、溞状幼体Ⅱ期、溞状幼体Ⅲ期、溞状幼体Ⅳ期、溞状幼体Ⅴ期、仔虾期和成虾期)的DNA样品,利用TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR技术,对上述各发育期单个细胞中的mtDNA拷贝数进行了测定。检测结果显示,脊尾白虾受精卵期、溞状幼体Ⅰ期、溞状幼体Ⅱ期、溞状幼体Ⅲ期、溞状幼体Ⅳ期、溞状幼体Ⅴ期、仔虾期和成虾期的mtDNA拷贝数的均值分别为2366、2648、2644、2873、3559、9948、6452和8872。进一步统计分析结果显示,mtDNA拷贝数与发育时间存在正相关性,相关系数为0.83。研究表明,随着脊尾白虾不断生长,其单个细胞中mtDNA拷贝数总体呈上升趋势。     

用实时荧光PCR方法定量检测Bt176转基因玉米

以实时荧光PCR技术鉴定商业化种植的转基因玉米Bt176品系。根据转基因玉米Bt176中内源基因Zein和外源基因cry1Ab设计引物及TaqMan荧光探针,成功建立了检测转基因玉米Bt176品系的实时荧光PCR方法。结果表明,应用实时荧光PCR方法检测转基因作物,不仅可以达到品系鉴定的作用,而且可以用于转基因成分的检测。该方法简便迅速,降低了污染机会,为转基因作物及产品的品系检测提供了新方法。     

Expression of receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR-1 (FLT-1), VEGFR-2 (KDR), EGFR-1, PDGFRa and c-Met in canine primary brain tumours

Inhibition of tumour growth and angiogenesis by targeting key growth factor receptors is a promising therapeutic strategy for central nervous system tumours. Characterization of these growth factor receptors in canine primary brain tumours has not been done. Using quantitative real‐time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we evaluated the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for five tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor [VEGFR]‐1, VEGFR‐2, endothelial growth factor receptor [EGFR]‐1, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor a [PDGFRa], and c‐Met) relative to normal cerebral cortex in 66 spontaneous canine primary brain tumours. Increased expression of VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2 mRNA was greatest in grade IV astrocytomas (glioblastoma multiforme) and grade III (anaplastic) oligodendrogliomas. EGFR‐1 mRNA expression was more consistently increased than the other receptors in all tumour types, while increased PDGFRa mRNA expression was mostly restricted to oligodendrogliomas. The similarities in increased expression of these tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors in these canine tumours, as compared to data from their human counterparts, suggest that common molecular mechanisms may be present.