单宁对反刍动物营养代谢的影响

单宁是一类广泛分布于植物中的多酚类化合物，具有多种生理活性。本文主要对单宁的理化性质、单宁在植物尤其饲料作物中的分布以及单宁对反刍动物营养代谢的影响以及应用作一综述。     

儿茶素对蝴蝶兰叶片离体培养褐变发生的影响

用0.3 g/L儿茶素处理蝴蝶兰叶片外植体,在MS+3 mg/L 6-BA(pH 5.8)培养基上培养4 d,外植体褐变率高于对照227.6%.用香草醛-盐酸溶液染色反应法发现鞣质分布在维管束和细胞间隙.叶片剪切的外植体(培养0 d)鞣质含量较高,培养4 d降低,8 d后再升高.儿茶素处理的外植体鞣质含量明显高于对照.在培养期间,儿茶素处理的外植体PPO、POD和PAL活性高于对照外植体,其中POD活性在第8天达到最大值,PPO和PAL活性在培养第12天达到高峰.     

笃斯越桔叶营养成分分析

对笃斯越桔叶中的氨基酸，微量元素，维生素，糖类，有机酸等营养成分进行分析，并对部分不同采收期的叶成分进行了对比，为开发利用笃斯越桔叶提供了科学的依据。     

模拟氮沉降对森林土壤酚类物质和可溶性糖含量的影响

采用野外原位试验模拟氮沉降,研究其对福建建瓯万木林自然保护区杉木林(CUL)、浙江桂(CIC)和罗浮栲林(CAF)3种林分土壤多酚、单宁和可溶性糖含量的影响。每个林分设置对照(CK,0 kg/(hm2·a))、低氮(LN,30 kg/(hm2·a))和高氮(HN,100 kg/(hm2·a))3个处理。结果表明:针叶杉木林土壤多酚含量最高,单宁和可溶性糖含量最低,且均与另两个阔叶树种林分差异显著。杉木和罗浮栲林土壤多酚含量随着氮添加量的增加而显著降低,浙江桂多酚受HN处理影响不大,仅LN处理显著降低49.4%。氮沉降主要表现为降低土壤单宁含量,LN处理分别显著降低杉木林、浙江桂和罗浮栲林单宁含量43.5%、70.0%和79.5%;而HN处理仅降低阔叶林土壤单宁含量。然而,氮沉降增加土壤可溶性糖含量,与对照处理相比,LN处理分别显著增加杉木、浙江桂和罗浮栲林土壤可溶性糖48.8%、19.2%和19.8%。各林分凋落物中多酚、单宁和可溶性糖含量受氮沉降的影响不显著。     

黑荆树单宁浸取技术的研究

采用分段浸取新工艺是黑荆树皮单宁提取的关键技术。即以平转型连续最提为常压段、以水平渗滤（进、出）垂直釜为加压段，经生产考核，其工艺先进、运行可靠、经济合理、操作简便，产品质量稳定。     

大孔树脂对木瓜鞣质的吸附及解吸附性能研究

[目的]筛选出一种大孔树脂,并研究其对皱皮木瓜鞣质的吸附和解吸附性能,从而确定大孔树脂分离纯化皱皮木瓜鞣质的最优工艺条件。[方法]通过静态吸附试验从5种大孔树脂中筛选最佳树脂,并通过单因素和正交试验确定该树脂在静态和动态试验中对皱皮木瓜鞣质的最优吸附和解吸附条件。[结果]HPD-100树脂对木瓜鞣质的吸附量最大,其吸附最佳条件为：洗脱液pH值5.0,静态吸附4 h;动态吸附流速为2.0 BV/h,吸附体积达到6.0 BV时为吸附终点,最优条件下的吸附率为87.90%。静态解吸附最佳条件：洗脱液pH值为6.0,洗脱时间为6 h,洗脱乙醇浓度为75%;动态解吸附流速为1.0 BV/h,解吸附体积达到1.6 BV时为解吸附终点,最佳条件下的解吸附率为62.40%。[结论]HPD-100大孔吸附树脂对木瓜鞣质具有良好的富集作用,适于皱皮木瓜鞣质的分离纯化。     

中国药用植物中单宁及多酚类化学成分的研究

从１２种中国药用植物中分离到１１３个单宁及多酚类化合物，经波谱分析及化学方法鉴定了它们的结构。其中１９个为新化合物。     

Treatment of wheat straw using tannase and white-rot fungus to improve feed utilization by ruminants

Background

Current research to enrich cattle feed has primarily focused on treatment using white rot fungi, while there are scarce reports using the enzyme tannase, which is discussed only in reviews or in the form of a hypothesis. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of tannase on wheat straw (WS) and also the effect of lyophilized tannase at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% (w/w) on WS followed by fermentation with Ganoderma sp. for 10 d and compared in relation to biochemical parameters, crude protein (CP) content, and nutritional value by calculating the C/N ratio in order to improve the nutritional value of cattle feed.

Results

Penicillium charlesii, a tannase-producing microorganism, produced 61.4 IU/mL of tannase in 54 h when 2% (w/v) tannic acid (TA) was initially used as a substrate in medium containing (% w/v) sucrose (1.0), NaNO₃ (1.0), and MgSO₄ (0.08 pH, 5.0) in a 300-L fermentor (working volume 220 L), and concomitantly fed with 1.0% (w/v) TA after 24 h. The yield of partially purified and lyophilized tannase was 5.8 IU/mg. The tannin-free myco-straw at 0.1% (w/w) tannase showed 37.8% (w/w) lignin degradation with only a 20.4% (w/w) decrease in cellulose content and the in vitro feed digestibility was 32.2%. An increase in CP content (up to 1.28-fold) along with a lower C/N ratio of 25.0%, as compared to myco-straw, was obtained.

Conclusions

The use of tannin-free myco-straw has potential to improve the nutritional content of cattle feed. This biological treatment process was safe, eco-friendly, easy to perform, and was less expensive as compared to other treatment methods.     

单宁用于带锈钢铁防蚀处理的研究

用栲胶及其增纯产物和相应的单宁－铁螯合物代替工业单宁酸成功地用于带锈钢铁的抗蚀处理，研究了处理剂的配方、配制方法，并对其性能进行了测试，指标均达到或超过了工业单宁酸。     

产涩柿单宁酶菌株的筛选及鉴定

[目的]获得可产生涩柿单宁酶的微生物,并对其鉴定。[方法]微生物在以涩柿为培养基上自然生长,进行划线分离,获得纯种菌株。将菌株接种于溴酚蓝培养基上,选取变色圈较大的8个菌株,进行COD去除率和单宁耐受力试验,选取COD去除率高、单宁耐受力强的菌株,使用形态学观察法进行菌种鉴定。[结果]获得可产生涩柿单宁酶的菌株,初步鉴定为黑曲霉。[结论]利用该方法,可获得产生涩柿单宁酶的黑曲霉,其COD去除率高、单宁耐受力强,有成为工程菌株的潜力。