畜禽粪便固液分离技术特点及效率评估

该文对常用畜禽粪便固液分离技术进行分析,评估出各分离技术的优缺点、适用对象、分离效果和性价比,为企业选择粪便固液分离设备提供参考。研究结果表明:重力分离技术成本最低,分离粒径小于1 mm的有机物效果最好,但分离后固相含水率过高(90%),一般作为其他技术的预处理。筛分技术对于分离大粒径的有机颗粒物最有效,投资相对小,运行费用低;但对氮磷等营养元素分离效率较低,分离后的固相的含水率偏高,分离产物可用于固态发酵。压滤技术提高了磷元素的分离效率和固相含水率,但运营成本也增加,分离产物可用于有机肥生产。沉淀离心技术对去除细小颗粒最为有效,并能够去除氮磷元素,但运营成本太高,在中国推广难度大。絮凝剂能和大多数的分离技术结合使用从而提高分离效率。所有固液分离技术都不能分离畜禽粪便中的挥发性脂肪酸,因此也不能有效去除液相中的生化需氧量和臭味。多种分离技术的联合使用,在提高营养物质的分离效率的同时,降低固相的含水率将是未来技术发展的主要方向。     

茶氨酸合成酶基因的SNP挖掘和遗传定位

茶氨酸合成酶(Theanine synthetase,TS)基因是茶树茶氨酸代谢过程中的关键酶基因。本研究以氨基酸含量差异明显的亲本及其杂交所得F_1子代为研究材料,克隆TS基因的c DNA序列,挖掘其SNPs位点,并成功将杂合SNP位点定位在遗传连锁群上。研究结果显示,通过序列比对在亲本间检测到3个SNPs,验证得到1个杂合的位点SNP735。将此位点成功转化为dCAPS标记,该标记在子代中的基因型分离比为1∶1,利用该群体已构建的茶树遗传图谱进行遗传定位,将dCAPS标记定位在连锁群LG03上,相邻标记为TM299和TM517。联合此标记及其相邻标记与游离氨基酸总含量和茶氨酸含量进行统计分析,表明具有显著的相关性。     

Effects of Variation in Activities of Starch-Sugar Metabolic Enzymes on Reducing Sugar Accumulation and Processing Quality of Potato Tubers

The experiment was designed,via storing potato tubers of cv.E-Potatol and E-Potato3 in different temperatures,to explore the variation patterns of reducing sugar(RS)and total sugar(TS)contents and enzyme activities that are involved in the pathway of starch-sugar metabolism aiming at identifying the main factors that influence the chip color.The results showed that low temperature in storage was a main factor that accelerated the accumulation of RS of the stored tubers and a very significant linear relationship existed between RS content and chip color index(CCI)of the tubers.Further analysis elucidated that when tubers stored at 4℃,the activities of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase),UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase(UGPase)and sucrose synthase(SuSy)were negatively exponential to the RS content significantly while that of acid invertase and alkaline invertase was significantly linear to RS content.It suggested that these enzymes could play main roles in the cold sweetening of potato tubers through regulating starch-sugar metabolism.     

Grapes＿meso数值模式预报对石河子定量降水检验研究

为了了解Grapes_meso数值模式预报对石河子垦区的预报能力,提高预报降水的准确率,利用TS评分对2017年11月至2018年9月的Grapes_meso数值模式降水资料进行了24h的时效检验分析。结果表明:晴雨检验的结果与石河子垦区降水气候概率基本一致,即表现为降水少的地方晴雨准确率较高,降水多的地方晴雨准确率低的空间分布特征。一般性降水检验存在较强的季节性,表现为春秋季降水准确率高于夏冬季。分级检验中小雨的准确率明显高于其他量级。此外,Grapes_meso数值模式对暴量雨雪的预报能力较差。     

Effects of particle size on the quality attributes of reconstituted whole-wheat flour and tortillas made from it

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of whole-wheat flour (WWF) particle size on the quality attributes of WWF tortillas. WWF samples of different particle size distributions from commercial U.S. hard white (median diameters: 175.7, 128.6, 120.0, 108.5 and 102.4 μm), hard red winter (median diameters: 173.7, 133.6, 124.3, 110.8 and 104.2 μm) and hard red spring (median diameters: 173.7, 132.1, 124.7, 112.9, 106.3 μm) wheat classes were obtained by fine grinding of bran and shorts and re-combining with the rest of fractions. For all three wheat classes, as WWF median particle size decreased, the L* (lightness) value decreased but the adjusted damaged starch, polyphenol oxidase activity, and a* and b* values increased. Mixolab data showed that development time decreased as WWF particle size was reduced, while stability time and starch retrogradation increased. As for WWF tortilla quality, the breaking force and extensibility increased with decreasing particle size from ∼175 to 129–134 μm, but diameter and thickness were not significantly affected. The results indicated that reducing the median particle sizes of WWFs from ∼175 μm to ∼130 μm would significantly improve the WWF tortilla quality.     

异氰酸酯树脂胶粘剂刨花板制板工艺研究

研究了用异氰酸酯树脂胶粘剂制造刨花板的工艺条件,详细讨论了热压温度、热压时间、密度含水率、施胶量和施蜡量和对刨花板为物理力学性能的影响。结果表明：刨花含水率是继热压工艺三个因素之后的重要影响因子。研究中还发现了“厚度膨胀率平行性”现象,对其进行的深入分析研究揭示了不可逆厚度膨胀率为２４ｈ吸水厚度膨胀率的关系,总结出板材２４ｈ吸水厚度膨胀率的改善只能通过改善不可逆度膨胀率获得。研究结果还表明,利用Ｙ     

基于EC集合预报产品的降水预报检验

为了对EC集合预报产品的应用性能进行检验,笔者基于EC集合预报的概率匹配平均降水量、融合降水量以及中位数、众数和控制预报降水量等5 个产品,通过TS评分方法对内蒙古2014 年汛期降水过程预报进行检验。结果表明,各检验成员产品对过程的把握能力差异较大,集合预报对降水偏大的降水过程评分比较高,对暴雨以上量级降水的预报存在着较大的偏差,预报效果较差。平均TS评分结果表明,集合预报产品尤其是概率预报产品具有一定的参考价值,其次是控制预报和融合产品。     

Suitability of tef varieties in mixed wheat flour bread matrices: A physico-chemical and nutritional approach

Wheat flour replacement from 0 to 40% by single tef flours from three Ethiopian varieties DZ-01-99 (brown grain tef), DZ-Cr-37 (white grain tef) and DZ-Cr-387 (Quncho, white grain tef) yielded a technologically viable ciabatta type composite bread with acceptable sensory properties and enhanced nutritional value, as compared to 100% refined wheat flour. Incorporation of tef flour from 30% to 40% imparted discreet negative effects in terms of decreased loaf volume and crumb resilience, and increase of crumb hardness in brown tef blended breads. Increment of crumb hardness on aging was in general much lower in tef blended breads compared to wheat bread counterparts, revealing slower firming kinetics, especially for brown tef blended breads. Blended breads with 40% white tef exhibited similar extent and variable rate of retrogradation kinetics along storage, while brown tef-blended breads retrograded slower but in higher extent than control wheat flour breads. Breads that contains 40% tef grain flour were found to contain five folds (DZ-01-99, DZ-Cr-387) to 10 folds (DZ-Cr-37) Fe, three folds Mn, twice Cu, Zn and Mg, and 1.5 times Ca, K, and P contents as compared to the contents found in 100% refined wheat grain flour breads. In addition, suitable dietary trends for lower rapidly digestible starch and starch digestion rate index were met from tef grain flour fortified breads.     

TGEV的sM、M和N基因克隆及特征分析

参照(3enBank中收录的TGEV sM、M和N基因序列各设计1对特异引物，经RT-PCR扩增获得了TS株的相应基因片段，分别约为346、932和1217bp，其大小与预计的目的片段相符。与其他毒株的相应基因相比较，并经剪接后，TS株的sM、M和N基因全长分别为248、789和1149bp，各编码82个、262个和382个氨基酸；TS株与Purdue株、TF1株和96-1933株的sM基因核苷酸序列同源性分别为95．2％、92．7％和90．2％；推导氨基酸的同源性分别为95．9％、97．2％、98．8％；与Purdue株、TFl株、TGEVH株和96-1933株的M基因核苷酸序列同源性分别为95．2％、98．0％、99．6％和95．0％；推导氨基酸的同源性分别为97．0％、97．3％、98．5％、93．5％；与Purdue株、TF1株、FS722／70株、Korea株、TO14株、TC；EVH株和96-1933株的N基因核苷酸序列同源性分别为98．1％、97．7％、99．0％、98．3％、99．2％、99．0％和95．9％，推导氨基酸的同源性分别为97．9％、98．4％、99．0％、97．7％、99．5％、96．2％、96．6％。并对TS株基因间的保守序列和sM、M和N基因及其编码的相应氨基酸的结构特征进行了分析，发现sM和N基因在TGEV中保守；并提示在我国不仅存在有2个不同亚基因型的TGEV，而且我国的TGEV可能是输入性的。     

刨花板厚度方向变形研究Ⅲ.刨花板厚度方向变形模型及规律的确定

对不同密度杨木刨花板、落叶松刨花板及不同厚度杨木、落叶松在不同方向的吸水厚度膨胀率进行追踪测试 ,然后进行回归拟合 ,结果表明 ,刨花板和木材的吸水厚度膨胀率方程与理论推导结果能很好的吻合 ,方程的数学形式都为 :TS(t) =a -be-t τ。由此得到刨花板的粘弹变形方程和胶接点破坏引起的变形方程的数学形式也与上式相同 ,对于机械吸附蠕变方程通过数学级数变换 ,也可得到相同的近似式。研究还表明用刨花板的吸水厚度膨胀率方程描述刨花板的尺寸稳定性 ,可得到该刨花板的最大吸水厚度膨胀率和衡量关于刨花板厚度膨胀速率的参数等信息 ,因此它更合理和实用