Plasma fluctuation in estradiol-17β and bone resorption markers around parturition in dairy cows

Blood samples were obtained sequentially from 10 dairy cows around the time of parturition to assess plasma fluctuations in estradiol-17β (E₂) levels in association with those of several bone resorption markers. Plasma E₂ concentration increased sharply a few days prepartum and decreased quickly after parturition. In terms of bone resorption markers, the plasma level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b) rose significantly, commencing 1 week prepartum, and was maintained at this level to a few days postpartum. The plasma concentration of carboxyterminal collagen cross-links of type-I collagen (CTx) increased significantly after parturition. These observations suggest that osteoclast-mediated bone resorption was activated after parturition when plasma E₂ concentrations decreased.     

基于蔗糖代谢基因多态性的甘蔗基因型遗传多样性

[目的]探讨利用基于蔗糖代谢酶基因多态性的目标区域扩增多态性(target region amplificationpolymorphism,TRAP)标记进行甘蔗遗传多样性、遗传距离及遗传距离与糖分表型值关联性分析的可行性.[方法]利用4个根据参与蔗糖代谢酶基因SuSy、SPS,SAI和PPDK设计的锚定引物和9个随机引物,筛选具有多态性的17对引物组合,对28个糖分性状表型不同的甘蔗基因型进行TRAP标记,通过分子标记数据,估算不同基因型蔗糖代谢基因的遗传变异和遗传距离,并进行聚类分析.[结果]共扩增出170个条带,其中109个为多态性条带,多态性比率为64.1%,平均每个引物组合产生10个条带,6.4个多态性条带.在所测试的28个甘蔗基因型中,基于蔗糖代谢酶基因多态性所估计的遗传相异系数(genetic dissimilarity,GD)为0.12-O.80.基于GD的UPGMA聚类结果显示,在GD=O.49处,供试基因型可被划分为4类,但就所采集的特定时期的锤度数据而言,类间和类内的锤度表型值没有明显的规律.[结论]甘蔗不同基因型间4个蔗糖代谢酶基因遗传变异较高,多态性丰富,暗示TRAP技术在评价甘蔗蔗糖分性状方面具有应用潜力,但与锤度表型值数据的关联性还有待进一步 研究.     

Linkage mapping and genome analysis in a Saccharum interspecific cross using AFLP, SRAP and TRAP markers

Framework genetic linkage maps of two progenitor species of cultivated sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum ‘La Striped’ (2n = 80) and S. spontaneum ‘SES 147B’ (2n = 64) were constructed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), and target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) markers. The mapping population was comprised of 100 F₁ progeny derived from the interspecific cross. A total of 344 polymorphic markers were generated from the female (S. officinarum) parent, out of which 247 (72%) were single-dose (segregating in a 1:1 ratio) and 33 (9%) were double-dose (segregating in a 3.3:1 ratio) markers. Sixty-four (19%) markers deviated from Mendelian segregation ratios. In the S. spontaneum genome, out of a total of 306 markers, 221 (72%) were single-dose, 43 (14%) were double-dose, and 42 markers (14%) deviated from Mendelian segregation ratios. Linkage maps with Kosambi map distances were constructed using a LOD score ≥5.0 and a recombination threshold of 0.45. In Saccharum officinarum, 146 markers were linked to form 49 linkage groups (LG) spanning 1732 cM whereas, in S. spontaneum, 121 markers were linked to form 45 LG spanning 1491 cM. The estimated genome size of S. officinarum ‘La Striped’ was 2448 cM whereas that of S. spontaneum ‘SES 147B’ was 3232 cM. Based on the two maps, genome coverage was 69% in S. officinarum and 46% in S. spontaneum. The S. officinarum parent ‘La Striped’ behaved like an auto-allopolyploid whereas S. spontaneum ‘SES 147B’ behaved like a true autopolyploid. Although a large disparity exists between the two genomes, the existence of simple duplex markers, which are heterozygous in both parents and segregate 3:1 in the progeny, indicates that pairing and recombination can occur between the two genomes. The study also revealed that, compared with AFLP, the SRAP and TRAP markers appear less effective at generating a large number of genome-wide markers for linkage mapping in sugarcane. However, SRAP and TRAP markers can be useful for QTL mapping because of their ability to target gene-rich regions of the genome, which is a focus of our future research.     

叶用莴苣TRAP 反应体系的建立

以叶用莴苣为试材,采用正交设计和单因素试验2种方法研究叶用莴苣TRAP反应体系中Mg^2＋、Taq DNA聚合酶、dNTPs、引物等4个因素的浓度变化对扩增结果的影响,建立最佳反应体系。结果表明：TRAP-PCR反应最优体系是在20μL反应体系中含DNA模板60～100 ng、10×PCR buffer（Mg^2＋free）2μL、Mg^2＋终浓度2.0 mmol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶含量1.0 U、dNTPs终浓度0.2 mmol/L、引物终浓度0.75μmol/L。该体系对叶用莴苣种质的扩增结果稳定,条带清晰度高且多态性丰富,可用于对叶用莴苣种质资源的遗传多样性分析和亲缘关系鉴定。     

鲤改良品系与体质量、体长性状相关的TRAP标记筛选

应用TRAP标记对一个鲤(Cyprinus carpio)改良品系72个个体进行扩增,采用其中25个多态性较好引物组合用于该群体遗传多样性分析.运用卡方检验分析25对引物在体质量差异显著的2组鱼中频率差异显著的位点,初步筛选出与体质量和体长性状相关的TRAP标记.将初步筛选的TRAP标记用于随机群体132个个体进行位点性状间的关联分析.结果表明,25个TRAP分子标记共扩增出353个位点,其中多态性位点230个,平均多态性比率65％,平均多态性信息含量为0.28,Nei's遗传多样性指数平均值为0.219,Shannon信息指数平均值为0.329,表明该群体遗传多样性较为丰富.在初步筛选出的3个TRAP位点(ghlTrap04-140、4rTrap04-308、igf4Ga5-135)中,4rTrap04-308与体质量、体长呈极显著相关(P<0.01).本研究利用TRA这一新型分子标记对1个鲤改良群体进行遗传分析,并寻找出1个可能与鲤体质量,体长性状相关的功能基因位点,旨在为鲤体质量、体长性状的QTL定位和分子标记辅助育种奠定基础.     

3种木腐菌木质纤维素相关酶基因的TRAP标记体系优化与遗传变异初探

以黑龙江省东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场的3种典型木材腐朽菌为试验材料,采用TRAP分子标记的手段,针对5种木质素与纤维素相关酶基因LiP、MnP、Lac、CBHⅡ、CDH设计引物,初步分析这些编码基因的多态性。试验确定了3种木腐菌TRAP分子标记的反应体系和反应程序。经过对32对引物进行筛选试验,共确定11对引物,包括3对标记MnP编码基因的引物、3对标记Lac编码基因的引物、3对标记CBH编码基因的引物,以及2对标记CDH编码基因的引物。结果表明:3种木腐菌的TRAP-PCR标记共产生了265条条带,其中多态性条带206条,占总条带的77.74%,多态性最高为100%,最低为60%,证明了TRAP分子标记可以应用于木腐菌的遗传分析。     

Detection of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC in bovine lung and lymph node tissues by culture, sandwich ELISA and polymerase chain reaction systems

Cattle from Northern Portugal, many with pulmonary lesions typical of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, were investigated for the presence of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony (MmmSC), which is the causative agent of CBPP, with several detection tests. Sandwich ELISA that included a culture enrichment stage, and 2 different PCR diagnostic systems were used to detect MmmSC in lung and mediastinal lymph node tissues from these animals. The comparison of typical CBPP pathology with the results of detection revealed that no single one of these methods provided a perfect match to the pathological data. Best performing tests were the PCR with laser induced fluorescence and PCR with pleuroTRAP kit (Chemicon, Australia), which are diagnostic systems based on amplification of genomic MmmSC DNA followed by sensitive detection of the amplified products. These were followed by the broth-enriched sandwich ELISA, which uses a monoclonal antibody specific to the M. mycoides cluster, to capture the antigen.     

黄颡鱼遗传图谱构建及生长相关性状的QTL定位

以野生(♂)和人工养殖(♀)黄颡鱼杂交的100个F1个体为作图群体,用SSR、SRAP和TRAP3种DNA分子标记技术构建黄颡鱼的遗传连锁图谱。图谱整合了13个SSR标记,89个SRAP标记,26个TRAP标记。其中雌性框架图谱包括16个连锁群,图谱的长度为585.5cM;雄性框架图谱包括15个连锁群,图谱的长度为752.3cM;共享框架图谱包括5个连锁群,图谱的长度为231.3cM。用该连锁图谱对黄颡鱼的5个生长相关性状进行QTL扫描,在雌性图谱上检测到1个头宽的QTL,定位于第七连锁群上,LOD值为3.2,可解释的表型变异为13%。在雄性图谱上分别检测到1个体高和体长的QTL,均定位于第一连锁群上。体高QTL的LOD值为2.4,可解释的表型变异为12%。全长QTL的LOD值为2.1,可解释的表型变异为11%。3个QTL均可用于黄颡鱼的生长性状的标记辅助育种。     

部分柿属植物TRAP标记反应体系的建立与引物筛选

为了建立柿属植物目标区域扩增多态性(TRAP)标记技术体系,对影响TRAP-PCR的Mg2+、dNTPs、Taq DNA聚合酶、固定引物和随机引物浓度比5个因素进行了优化。确定优化的反应体系为:模板DNA 40 ng,buffer 1×,Mg2+1.4 mmol/L,dNTPs 0.2 mmol/L,固定引物和随机引物浓度比为11∶1,Taq酶0.5 U,反应总体积为15μL。利用柿属植物EST数据库信息设计锚定引物10条,与11条随机引物组合共110对引物。利用这些引物对柿属植物6个基因型进行TRAP-PCR扩增,其中84个引物组合能扩增出清晰条带,占引物总量的76.36%;36个引物组合表现出良好的多态性扩增,并在20份柿属植物中进行了引物验证。