3种类型福建野生蕉的离体繁殖研究

对3种类型的福建野生蕉进行了离体繁殖研究,以宦溪野生蕉、北峰野生蕉吸芽为材料建立无菌株系;以三明野生蕉试管苗为材料,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,比较了不同生长调节剂对其不定芽增殖、薄片出芽以及类原球茎增殖的影响,并进一步比较3种野生蕉试管苗增殖的基因型差异;最后将所得福建野生蕉试管苗进行生根及移栽研究。结果表明:MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L+6-BA 4 mg/L+Ad 30 mg/L培养基较适宜三明野生蕉试管苗不定芽的增殖;MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+Ad 30 mg/L培养基较适宜三明野生蕉试管苗薄片出芽;MS+6-BA 6 mg/L+Ad30 mg/L培养基较适宜三明野生蕉类原球茎(多芽体)的增殖,MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 4 mg/L培养基较适宜三明野生蕉类原球茎(大芽)的增殖。三明野生蕉试管苗不定芽增殖培养基S5也适合福州宦溪野生蕉、福州北峰野生蕉不定芽增殖。培养基S4还可用于福建野生蕉试管苗的生根。三种野生蕉试管苗在0.5∶1∶1的沙土、园土、泥炭土基质中移栽效果较好,成活率分别达到97%、95%、90%。     

松针中槲皮素的提取分离及含量测定

以70%浓度乙醇为溶剂,在温度为80℃条件下回流提取贵州马尾松松针中的槲皮素;用薄层层析(TCL)法进行了定性分析;用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)进行了含量测定。结果表明,松针中含有槲皮素,且水解前的含量为1.12%,水解后的含量为2.98%。     

从菠萝薄细胞层切片直接诱导体细胞胚

 以菠萝(Ananas comosus L. Merrill) 杂交种MD1 无菌苗为材料, 通过培养薄细胞层切片 (Thin cell layer, TCL) 的方法, 研究直接再生胚的固体培养体系。结果证明, 预培养的设计2 (在预培养基PT上黑暗预培养无菌苗1周后, 从预培养苗茎顶端切取TCL, 在MS + 2, 4-D 2 mg·L ^{- 1}或1 mg·L ^{- 1}胚诱导培养基EI2上黑暗培养1周, 然后转到光照条件下继续诱导胚1周, 再在成熟胚培养基EM上培养2周, 最后转入幼苗培养基PL上培养) 是直接诱导获得体胚的最佳途径; 诱导的体胚最初均来自于薄细胞层上微管束附近的细胞; picloram有利于芽的诱导, 2, 4-D有利于直接再生胚, 但如果球形胚形成后一直培养在较高浓度的2, 4-D培养基中, 将阻碍球形胚和心形胚进一步发育为成熟胚, 反而促进芽的生成。     

Effect of genotype,explant size,position, and culture medium on shoot generation of Gerbera jamesonii by receptacle transverse thin cell layer culture

An unique procedure for the mass shoot propagation of Gerbera using receptacle transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) culture procedure was developed. Genotype, flower bud age, explant size, position of receptacle tTCLs and culture media were found to affect the success of culture. Ten interspecific crosses of Gerbera showed different shoot regeneration rates and callus induction via receptacle tTCL culture, all of which had shoot regeneration rates higher than 57%. Flower buds collected on the 10th day resulted in 91% shoot regeneration after 6 weeks of culture on basal MS medium [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15, 475–497] supplemented with 0.02 mg l⁻¹ thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.8 mg l⁻¹ adenine and 10% (v/v) coconut water (CW). This was significantly higher than those from flower buds on the 7th and 14th days (22% and 54%), respectively. Shoot regeneration rate was the highest (94–100%) in the middle layers of the receptacle. For mass shoot propagation, shoot clusters were subcultured on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l⁻¹ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 0.5 mg l⁻¹ 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2.0 mg l⁻¹ kinetin after every 4 weeks. Plantlets formed when single shoots were cultured on half-strength MS medium containing 1 mg l⁻¹ IBA. All plantlets acclimatized well in the greenhouse.     

鸡肉中磺胺类药物残留的薄层色谱检测方法

建立了鸡肉中磺胺类药物（磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺喹）多残留检测的薄层色谱法。用二氯甲烷提取鸡肉样品中的药物，离心后将提取液蒸干。采用硅胶G板为固定相，以氯仿∶叔丁醇（85∶15）为展开剂，喷以0.01%荧光胺，置紫外灯（365 nm）下检视。3种药物分离良好，斑点显色清晰且无干扰。回收率约为60%，检出限为0.05 μg/ml。     

薄层细胞培养技术在植物形态分化研究中的应用

综述TCL在研究激素等因素对形态分化的影响、形态分化中蛋白质等物质的动态变化、TCL在细胞学研究及其在分子生物学研究中的应用,并指出TCL应用中存在的主要问题。     

Micropropagation of orchids: A review on the potential of different explants

Orchids are among the most diverse of the flowering plant families, with over 800 described genera and 25,000 species. Orchids are prized for their beautiful long lasting flowers exhibiting an incredible range of diversity in size, shape and colour. Today growing orchids is more than just a hobby, it is an international business covering around 8% of the world floriculture trade and has the potential to alter the economic landscape of a country. Large-scale multiplication of exquisite and rare hybrids using tissue culture techniques has helped orchids occupy a position as one of the top ten cut flowers. As orchids are outbreeders, their propagation using seeds leads to the production of heterozygous plants. Hence, protocols providing regeneration from various vegetative parts of the plants are needed. Though orchid micropropagation has shown spectacular development in the recent years, the wide spread use of micropropagation is believed to be still limited due to problems like exudation of phenolics from explants, transplantation to field, somaclonal variation etc. We endeavour to include the major investigations on explant-based orchid tissue culture starting from the pioneering works of Rotor [Rotor, G., 1949. A method of vegetative propagation of Phalaenopsis species and hybrids. Am. Orchid Soc. Bull. 18, 738–739] followed by Morel [Morel, G., 1960. Producing virus-free cymbidiums. Am. Orchid Soc. Bull. 29, 495–497] and Wimber [Wimber, D.E., 1963. Clonal multiplication of cymbidiums through tissue culture of the shoot meristem. Am. Orchid Soc. Bull. 32, 105–107] to date.     

Regulation of tissue differentiation by plant growth regulators on tTCLs of Panax ginseng adventitious roots

Differentiated tissue in Panax ginseng cultures was found to be very efficacious for saponin production. In order to increase the yield of saponins and preserve culture stability we were testing different plant growth regulators (PGR) and auxin/cytokinin combinations to regulate a level of tissue differentiation. For this purpose we used transverse thin cell layers (tTCLs) of adventitious roots of Panax ginseng. Adventitious roots were cultivated in Shenk and Hildebrand (SH) liquid medium supplemented with IBA (24.6 μM). Callus formation and root multiplication of adventitious root tTCLs was evaluated after 4 and following 12 weeks of cultivation, respectively, on SH basal medium containing various auxins (3 mg l⁻¹) or cytokinins (0.2 or 0.02 mg l⁻¹) or their combinations. We found that kinetin (Kin) in combination with auxin benzo[b]selenienyl acetic acid (BSAA), naphthalene acetic acid or indole-3-butric acidis the best for biomass production and following root multiplication. These combinations were tested in previously selected most suitable large-scale system—a temporary immersion system RITA. The best saponin production (15.94 ± 1.89 mg g⁻¹ dry weight) and growth value (5.62 ± 0.34) was reached on medium containing BSAA and Kin combination.     

辣萝卜干中苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠的测定分析研究

[目的]了解宁河县酱腌菜辣萝卜干中防腐剂和甜味剂的使用情况,加强食品添加剂的监测。[方法]通过薄层色谱法和高效液相色谱法对辣萝卜干中苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠进行定性定量分析。[结果]分析表明,辣萝卜干中苯甲酸含量为0.590 4 g/kg,山梨酸含量为0.309 8 g/kg,糖精钠含量为0.090 8 g/kg,通过参考GB2760-2011《食品添加剂使用卫生标准》标准进行评价,样品辣萝卜干中苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠均在限量使用范围内。[结论]研究可为酱腌菜生产企业采用食品添加剂提供一定的理论依据,保障消费者食用安全、健康、放心。     

艾粉质量标准初步研究

[目的]初步研究不同批次的艾纳香提取物艾粉质量标准。[方法]取来自贵州不同地区49批艾粉(艾纳香提取物)为研究材料,对其外观形状进行观察描述,测定其溶解性、含水量等物理特性,采用薄层层析法(TLC)进行定性分析以及GC指纹图谱进行相似度评价。[结果]艾粉为白色、块状、盐粒状或颗粒状结晶,手捻不易碎,具清香气,味辛、凉,具挥发性,几乎不溶于水,易溶于乙醇、乙醚、氯仿,艾粉含水量不高于24%为宜。艾粉样品中l-龙脑TCL斑点清晰,β-石竹烯、花椒油素显相同颜色的斑点或没有斑点,分离良好。GC指纹图谱仅得到2个共有峰,确认为有效成分l-龙脑和樟脑,相似度基本都在0.9以上。[结论]该研究结果为艾粉在生产过程中的质量控制提供参考依据,同时进一步促进高质量天然冰片的生产。