视频图像编码的现状与发展

本文介绍了静态和运动图像压缩编码国际标准的发展过程中出现的一系列标准,特别是JPEG2000、MPEG-4以及H.264,总结了这些国际标准的压缩效果、应用场合及相应的压缩编码算法,分析讨论了这些新标准的特点和优越性。     

两种植物冠层分析仪测量夏玉米LAI结果比较分析

植物冠层分析仪测量作物叶面积指数存在高估或低估现象,不同仪器的测量结果均与真实值存在差异,这种差异除了与仪器有关,还在不同的作物物候期表现出不同规律。本研究使用LAI-2000、Sunscan两种主流植物冠层分析仪测量夏玉米不同生育期LAI,并与LI-3000C叶面积仪实测结果比较。研究发现：当玉米LAI<1时,LAI-2000测量结果高于实际值,Sunscan测量结果与实际值无显著差异;12时,两种冠层分析仪测量结果均低于实际叶面积指数;不同LAI范围内,LAI-2000、Sunscan测量值与实际值的相关系数不同,最高可达0.9778和0.9637,通过建立测量值和实际值的经验关系模型,对仪器测量值进行校正可减少误差。     

基于局域网的数据库文件备份

Oracle、SQL Server、MySQL是中小型企事业单位常用的三种数据库,数据库的备份和恢复至关重要;数据库文件的备份有很多种方法,本文主要介绍了如何将它们的数据库文件导出并自动备份到局域网内其它计算机上,同时介绍了Ghost、WinRAR等软件在数据库文件备份中的应用.     

Evaluation of Water–Nitrogen Schemes for Rice in Iran,Using ORYZA2000 Model

The model ORYZA2000 simulates the growth and development of rice under conditions of potential production and water and nitrogen (N) limitations. Crop simulation models could provide an alternative, less time-consuming, and inexpensive means of determining the optimum crop N and irrigation requirements under varied irrigation and nitrogen conditions. Water productivity (WP) is a concept of partial productivity and denotes the amount or value of product over volume or value of water used. For the evaluated ORYZA2000 model in Iran, a study was carried out in a randomized complete block design between 2005 and 2007, with three replications at the Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht. Irrigation management (three regimes) was the main plot and N application (four levels) was the subplot. In this study, simulation modeling was used to quantify water productivity and water balance components of water and nitrogen interactions in rice. Evaluation simulated and measured total aboveground biomass and yield, by adjusted coefficient of correlation, T test of means, and absolute and normalized root mean square errors (RMSE). Results showed that with normalized root mean square errors (RMSE_n) of 5–28%, ORYZA2000 satisfactorily simulated crop biomass and yield that strongly varied among irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer conditions. Yield was simulated with an RMSE of 237–443 kg ha^?1 and a normalized RMSE of 5–11%. Results showed that the significant (28–56%) share of evaporation into evapotranspiration, using the actual yield (measured) and simulated water balance (ORYZA2000), the calculated average WP_ET was significantly lower than the average WP_T: 37%. The average WP_I, WP_I+R, WP_ET, WP_T, and WP_ETQ were 1.4, 1.07, 1.07, 1.57, and 0.82 kg m^?3. Results also showed that irrigation with 8-day intervals and 60 kg N ha^?1, nitrogen level was the optimum irrigation regime and nitrogen level.     

论过程方法在生产企业内外部审核中的应用

本文介绍了过程方法及在生产企业内外部审核的具体应用,中国企业在做ISO9001内外部审核时基本上是以部门为主线,但在建立体系及审核时如用过程方法效果会更好。本文从过程方法介绍,企业的内外部审核概述,过程方法在内外部审核中的应用展开详细阐述了怎么去应用过程方法。     

Using ecological trajectories to track long-term taxonomic and functional changes in benthic shallow soft-bottom communities (Bay of Saint-Brieuc,English Channel)

1. Taxonomic and functional trajectories of benthic assemblages were studied in shallow soft-bottom sediments in the bay of Saint-Brieuc (Western English Channel). Changes were assessed at different spatial and temporal scales using a macrobenthic dataset based on 38 stations sampled in 1987 and 2019, coupled with data from one station sampled annually between 2005 and 2019 as part of the European Water Framework Directive monitoring programme.
2. Taxonomic trajectories indicated 1) changes in the structure and distribution of benthic assemblages, 2) an homogenization of the assemblages, and 3) significant functional shifts.
3. Fishing activities and nutrient enrichment are probably strong drivers of the observed changes, as suggested by the higher mortality rate of fragile, flexible, tubiculous and burrowing species, and the increase in the abundance of opportunistic species in the assemblages. Certain populations of macroinvertebrates seem jointly controlled by climate change and by the aforementioned local factors of disturbance.
4. The Community Trajectory Analysis framework appears as a new and interesting method to track ecological changes in marine ecosystems by measuring change with respect to a baseline state, to help define ecological recovery (station returning to the initial ecological state) and departure (station presenting increased changes over time), and to analyse trajectory similarity.
5. According to the degradation of habitat over time, we identify the need for the implementation of knowledge-based conservation strategies, especially within Natura 2000 sites.

     

基于ORYZA2000模型的旱稻生长模拟及氮肥管理研究

以旱稻田间试验资料为基础,对水稻生长模拟模型ORYZA2000模拟旱稻生长进行参数校正和验证,图解和回归分析结果显示ORYZA2000模拟旱稻生物量、产量、作物吸氮量的模拟值与观测值基本呈线性关系,模拟效果良好,但对土壤水分的模拟效果欠佳,需做进一步研究。应用校正和验证的结果,结合肥料效应函数原理,对旱稻不同灌溉方式和密度管理下的氮肥经济最佳施肥量做了探讨,初步得出了该地区旱稻栽培氮肥经济最佳施肥量,丰富了作物模拟和节水农业的理论和实践,对以后旱稻发展及栽培管理有一定的参考价值。     

应用ORYZA2000模型制定北京地区旱稻优化灌溉制度

通过优化灌溉提高水分利用效率,使有限的水资源发挥最大的效益,是推行节水农业的一个重要方面.在模型验证的基础上,利用ORYZA2000模型和多年气象资料,分析了北京地区不同降水年型条件下早稻产量和水分利用效率与灌溉定额之间的关系,在此基础上制定不同降水年型和产量水平的北京地区旱稻优化灌溉制度.结果表明:当灌溉定额达到一定水平后,最高产量趋于不变.干旱和平水年型条件下旱稻均有较大的增产潜力,灌溉定额为300～500 mm可增产约3000 kg/hm2;丰水年型灌溉定额为250 mm时可增产1000 kg/hm2.70%、80%和90%产量潜力3个产量水平的最优灌溉制度分别需要保持根层土壤相对含水率在67%、73%和83%左右,灌水定额不宜过高,以50～60 mm为宜.灌溉次数和灌溉定额随产量水平的提高而增加,并取决于实际的降水情况:干旱年型3个产量水平的灌溉次数为3～8次;平水年型为2～5次;丰水年型为1～5次.水分利用效率变化范围为0.92～1.28 g/kg,受各年型降水量影响灌溉水水分利用效率变化在1.61～7.76 g/kg之间,丰水年型的灌溉水水分利用效率高于平水年型和干旱年型.80%产量潜力水平时的水分利用效率最高,不同年型灌溉定额在98～239 mm之间,灌溉次数为2～5次.