工厂化代料栽培花菇技术研究初报

本文主要研究工厂化代料栽培花菇技术，根据花菇成因及香菇菌丝生长、原基分化、花菇形成三个阶段所要求的生态条件不同，分别按三个阶段设计了培养室、催蕾室、催化室，利用设施人工调控工艺条件，进行菌丝培养、催蕾和催花管理，使花菇产量和质量大大提高，小试获得了８０％的花菇率，比室外高棚层架方式提高近１倍。     

莱州湾渔业水域生态环境质量分析与综合评价研究

应用多项指数综合评价公式、生物多样性指数综合评价公式和主成分分析方法对莱州湾2002年5月和8月生态环境质量进行了综合评价。结果表明,水质环境和生物环境处于良好水平;表层沉积环境处于污染水平,有的站达到严重污染水平,其中重金属镉的贡献率最大。     

Microbial community structure in forest soils treated with a fire retardant

The influence of a fire retardant (Firesorb, an acrylic–acrylamide copolymer) on the microbial community structure determined by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was examined under laboratory conditions using two different textured soils under pine forest. Firesorb was added to unheated and heated soil samples (350°C for 10 min followed by reinoculation, to mimic a forest fire) at three levels of application (none, usual and three times the usual levels), and measurements were made after 12 weeks of incubation. The relative importance of the three factors considered on the PLFA profiles was as follows: soil heating ≫ soil texture ≈ Firesorb treatment. In the unheated soils, Firesorb had a larger effect than soil texture, while the opposite was found in the heated soils. Soil heating reduced the total PLFAs, while Firesorb tended to increase them in both the unheated and heated soils. Soil heating decreased the PLFAs indicative of gram-positive (G⁺) bacteria and tended to increase the fatty acids associated with gram-negative (G⁻) bacteria and, to a lesser extent, the PLFA 18:2ω6, considered to be predominantly of fungal origin. Firesorb treatment decreased the G⁻/G⁺ bacteria ratio in the heated soils but tended to increase it in the unheated soils, the effect being dose dependent.     

柠檬酸对三种人工合成氧化铁磷吸附特性的影响

试验采用了3种人工合成的氧化铁为材料,研究了氧化铁对磷的吸附以及柠檬酸对氧化铁磷吸附特性的影响。结果表明:3种人工合成的氧化铁对磷的吸附特性及柠檬酸对氧化铁吸附磷的影响都可用Langumir方程来描述,都达到了极显著水平。从磷的最大吸附量(Sm)、吸附反应常数(K)和最大缓冲容量(MBC)来看,未加入柠檬酸时,水铁矿对磷的吸附在容量和强度方面均为最高;而在加入柠檬酸时,3种人工合成的氧化铁对磷的吸附能力的顺序并无差别,水铁矿和针铁矿的磷Sm和MBC要比赤铁矿大很多。     

低丘红壤泡桐——茶树复合种植模式的研究

研究了亚热带丘陵红壤泡桐茶树复合种植模式的综合效果。结果表明 :与纯茶园相比 ,泡桐茶树复合园的日平均光照强度下降 5 1 .2 % ;茶蓬内日平均气温下降 0 .3～ 1 .2℃ ;相对湿度增加 6.1～ 7.5个百分点 ;1m土层内根系总量增加 44 .4% ;各土层贮水量提高 2 .5 %～ 1 1 .3 % ;凋落物增加 2 8.0 2 % ;凋落物养分含量增加 2 0 .3 % ;0～60cm土层内速效氮、磷、钾总量增加 3 4.6% ;茶叶产量提高 1 6.9% ;茶叶品质也有所改善     

人工合成小麦与普通小麦杂交后代衍生群体的Rht8基因分析

【目的】四倍体小麦与节节麦杂交培育的人工合成小麦已广泛应用于国内外小麦品种改良。通过研究人工合成小麦与普通小麦杂交后代的Rht8基因型,有助于提高分子标记育种效率,也有助于Rht8基因型的多态性研究,并为人工合成小麦在中国小麦品种改良和分子标记育种中的应用提供依据和方法;【方法】以引自CIMMYT的人工合成小麦分别与中国四川成都平原主栽普通小麦品种杂交、回交的BC2F2:6后代群体中选育的113份优良高代系和川麦38、川麦42、川麦43和川麦47育成品种为材料,采用特异引物的PCR扩增和改进的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对其Rht8基因型进行了研究;【结果】在以syn768、Syn769、Syn780和Syn786人工合成小麦为亲本的117份后代衍生群体检测材料中,Rht8基因型频率为77.78%。从每一个人工合成小麦形成的小的后代衍生群体看,Rht8基因型频率各不相同。以syn768为亲本的后代衍生群体,Rht8基因型频率最高,为96.70%;在以syn769为亲本而育成的优良高代系和川麦38、川麦42与川麦43育成品种中,Rht8基因型频率最低,为71.64%;以Syn780为亲本的后代衍生群体中,Rht8基因型频率为73.68%,分离比率约为3:1;以Syn786为亲本育成的材料只有川麦47,该品种不含有Rht8该基因;【结论】不论父本或母本的Rht8的基因型状况如何,它们所产生的杂交后代材料Rht8基因的遗传是随机的。     

河南省地级市农业生产效率的DEA研究

基于非参数的DEA方法,选取了2008～2010年的农业生产投入和产出指标,分析了河南省18个地级市农业生产效率的变化。结果表明:河南省各地市农业生产综合效率、纯技术效率、规模效率在研究期内整体呈现上升趋势,部分地市农业生产未达到有效,主要是在农业劳动力、农作物播种面积、农业机械总动力、农用化肥量等生产要素投入存在冗余,农业生产相对较弱的地区应找出影响农业生产效率的因素,有针对性地改进农业生产效率。     

泰和乌鸡配套系商品肉鸡的肉质特性研究

研究了泰和乌鸡配套系商品肉鸡的肉质特性。结果表明:通过改良育种后,泰和乌鸡配套系商品肉鸡不仅早期生长速度得到了较大的提高,而且与原种泰和乌鸡的肉质特性基本一致。     

Modifying Myxococcus xanthus protoporphyrinogen oxidase to plant codon usage and high level of oxyfluorfen resistance in transgenic rice

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) of Myxococcus xanthus (Mx Protox) is a 49-kDa membrane protein that catalyzes conversion of protoporphyrinogen IX (Protogen IX) into protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX). Upon heterologous expression in transgenic rice plants, Mx Protox is dually targeted into plastids and mitochondria, increasing resistance against the herbicidal Protox inhibitor oxyfluorfen. Here, we describe the chemical synthesis of the Mx Protox gene by assembling several small synthetic DNA fragments derived by ligation-PCR. Codon usage in the resulting 1416-bp gene was modified to correspond to that of the Arabidopsis Protox gene, a change that resulted in a decrease in G+C content from 71 to 49%. The modified Mx Protox gene was used to generate transgenic rice plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Integration, expression, and inheritance of the transgenes were demonstrated by Southern, Northern, and Western blot analyses. In plants transformed with the modified, low G+C-content Mx Protox gene, levels of Protox expression and enzyme activity were low compared to the levels observed for plants transformed with the native Mx Protox gene. Nonetheless, like the native gene, the modified gene conferred a high level of resistance to the herbicide oxyfluorfen in a seedling growth test.     

合成樟脑中主要杂质的研究

本文研究了我国合成樟脑的组成,用气相色谱和气一质联用方法分析。结果表明,主要杂质是樟脑的同分异构体(小茴香酮,异小茴香酮,异莰酮)和少量醇、烃(龙脑、异龙脑、异莰烷)。内标法分析表明,樟脑的含量通常在95％以上。