化学诱变枯草芽孢杆菌对大白菜根肿病的防治效果

[目的]研究化学诱变枯草芽孢杆菌对大白菜根肿病的防治效果.[方法]采用3株来自枯草芽孢杆菌XF-1的化学诱变菌株XF-1A、XF-1C和XF-1E进行大白菜根肿病的盆栽防病试验,并以MALDI-TOF-MS分析了3种抗生素的相对含量.[结果]菌株XF-1A和XF-1C防效较好,分别为68.80％和65.06％,XF-1E防效较差为42.21％.3菌株均能分泌表面活性素、伊枯草菌素和丰源素,但表面活性素和伊枯草菌素相对含量为XF-1A＞ XF-1C＞ XF-1E,XF-1A的表面活性素和伊枯草菌素分别达29.26％和35.31％,XF-1E的丰源素含量最高,达41.09％.[结论]表面活性素和伊枯草菌素含量与对根肿病防治效果存在一定的关联性     

Rapid quantification of Bacillus subtilis antibiotics in the rhizosphere

Biological control agents like Bacillus subtilis offer an alternative and supplement to synthetic pesticides. Antibiotic production by biocontrol strains of B. subtilis can play a major role in plant disease suppression. Our current understanding of B. subtilis antibiosis comes from culture media measurements of antibiotic production and in vitro suppression of pathogens. Quantifying the antibiotic metabolite chemistry of B. subtilis biofilms growing on root surfaces provides a more accurate understanding of in vivo antibiotic production. An analytical method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectroscopy (MS) has been developed to quantify antibiotics produced by B. subtilis growing on plant roots. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) was grown in composted soil and potting media inoculated with B. subtilis strain QST 713 (AgraQuest, USA). Two important B. subtilis antibiotics, surfactin and iturin A, were extracted from root and rhizosphere soil using acidified organic solvents followed by cleaning and concentration using SPE. HPLC and HPLC-MS were used to measure surfactin and iturin A. Rhizosphere concentrations of both antibiotics increased with plant age. For plants grown in peat-based potting media, surfactin concentrations increased from 9 μg g⁻¹ root fresh weight (RFW) at 15 d to 30 μg g⁻¹ RFW at 43 d. Iturin concentrations were 7 μg g⁻¹ RFW at 15 d and 180 μg g⁻¹ RFW at 43 d. In an initial field trial in a composted fine sandy loam, we demonstrated rhizosphere production of surfactin and iturin under competition and predation by the myriad macro- and microfauna existing in a fertile high-organic soil, with mature B. subtilis-inoculated cucumber roots yielding 33 μg g⁻¹ RFW surfactin and 630 μg g⁻¹ RFW iturin at 78 d.     

醉鱼草内生细菌ZJ1的抑菌作用及其脂肽类抑菌代谢产物鉴定

为明确醉鱼草(Buddleja lindleyana Fortune)内生细菌ZJ1的抑菌作用及其抑菌代谢物质组成,本研究测定了Z J1菌株及其发酵液的抑菌作用,分离、纯化及鉴定了Z J1菌株的抗菌物质,还观察和测定了Z J1菌株代谢物处理后的Botrytis cinerea菌丝生长状态和细胞膜通透性.结果表明:ZJ1...     

枯草芽孢杆菌产脂肽的发酵条件优化

[目的]优化枯草芽孢杆菌产脂肽的发酵条件,提高枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC21332脂肽产量。[方法]利用较低成本的底物对枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC21332进行发酵优化。[结果]枯草芽孢杆菌在葡萄糖浓度9 g/L、豆粕浓度40 g/L、接种量5%、装液量120 mL(500 mL容量瓶)、温度30°C、转速150 r/min、发酵时间120 h时,脂肽产量最高,为4 885.1 mg/L,比添加活性炭载体的最高产量3 600.0 mg/L增加了35.70%。通过测定发酵过程中不同时间段发酵液中氨基酸含量,发现在81 h时谷氨酸含量急剧增大,添加谷氨酸可使脂肽产量达954.0 mg/L,相比不添加谷氨酸的培养基可使脂肽产量增加近6倍。[结论]该研究为工业化生产提供新思路。     

芽胞杆菌工程菌株B9BD产表面活性素发酵培养基优化

生物农药“纹曲宁”的主要活性成分—枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis Bs916可产生多种脂肽类抗生素。前期研究发现,degU和bmyA基因的突变株B9∆degU∆bmyA（B9BD）可以高效合成表面活性素（Surfactin）。本研究通过对培养基主要成分的单因素筛选并利用Design expert软件优化了工程菌株B9BD高效发酵产生Surfactin的培养基组分。通过Plackett-Burman试验、中心组合试验（CCD）和响应曲面法（RSM）优化了发酵Surfactin的最优培养基配方：葡萄糖24.27 g/L,黄豆粉29.05 g/L,牛肉浸膏3 g/L,NH₄NO₃ 4 g/L,L-亮氨酸2.36 g/L,KH₂PO₄3 g/L,NaCl 3 g/L,FeSO₄0.02 g/L。在优化培养基中,B9BD产生Surfactin的量高达到（934.25±32.67）mg/L,是其在LB培养基产量的5.6倍。以上研究结果将为Surfactin的高效发酵和应用提供理论基础和技术支撑。     

基因工程菌枯草芽孢杆菌GEB3产生的脂肽类抗生素及其生物活性研究

 利用MALDI TOF MS技术 ,鉴定了将lpaB3基因转入枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillussubtilis 168菌株所构建的工程菌GEB3产生的脂肽类抗生素种类。结果表明 ,GEB3仅产生表面活性素 (surfactin) 1种脂肽类抗生素。经LC MS分析 ,GEB3产生由 13、14和 15个碳原子的脂肪酸链构成的标准表面活性素变异体 (standardsurfactinisoforms)。生物活性检测表明 ,该工程菌产生的脂肽类抗生素表面活性素具有抑制小麦纹枯病菌和稻瘟病菌菌丝生长的作用     

枯草芽孢杆菌离子突变菌株H-74脂肽类抗菌物质对水稻抗性诱导作用

通过离子注入技术对枯草芽孢杆菌生防菌Bs-916突变选育,得到一株拮抗性能比出发菌Bs-916提高15 %以上的突变菌株H-74.通过对其抗菌物质的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析表明,H-74分泌的脂肽类抗菌物质主要是表面活性素.在PDA平板上的水稻纹枯病菌菌丝抑制试验中,它能有效抑制新生菌丝的生长,并使细胞内含物外泄.盆栽控病试验表明,它对水稻纹枯病菌的相对防效达到73.35 %.将H-74分泌的脂肽类抗菌物质单喷于水稻植株上,测定与植物抗病相关的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的变化,发现其对植物抗病相关酶活性表达有明显的诱导作用.结果还显示同时接种脂肽类抗菌物质和水稻纹枯病菌处理对3个酶活性影响最大.     

表面活性素体外抗球虫作用研究

[目的]探讨表面活性素体外抗鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的效果。[方法]实验前将柔嫩艾美耳球虫活化,配成2.5×106/ml细胞悬液加入细胞培养板,实验组各孔分别加入不同浓度表面活性素,对照组加入等量MEM,采用定量法作柔嫩艾美耳球虫生长曲线,观察其增长速率。用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法,观察表面活性素对柔嫩艾美耳球虫成活率的影响,用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)测定法测定表面活性素对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的损伤。[结果]在5 mg/ml表面活性素作用下其20~120 h增殖率为0,5 mg/ml表面活性素可使其破裂。[结论]表面活性素具有较强的抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫作用,有可能成为预防的理想药物。     

Lipopeptide Antibiotics Produced by the Engineered Strain Bacillus subtilis GEB3 and Detection of Its Bioactivity

MALDI-TOF-MS technology was used for identification of lipopeptide antibiotics produced by GEB3 strain,a derivative of Bacillus subtilis 168 which was transformed by lpaB3gene.The result showed GEB3 only produced lipopeptide antibiotic surfactin.The analysis by LC-MS demonstrated that GEB3 produced standard surfactin isoforms with side chain lengths of 13,14 and 15 carbon atoms.The bioactivity detection of surfactin indicated that the surfactin produced by GEB3 had inhibition effect on plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Pyricularia oryzae.