Anti-inflammatory effect of sulforaphane on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and ob/ob mice

BackgroundSulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate compound present in cruciferous vegetables. Although the anti-inflammatory effects of SFN have been reported, the precise mechanism related to the inflammatory genes is poorly understood.ObjectivesThis study examined the relationship between the anti-inflammatory effects of SFN and the differential gene expression pattern in SFN treated ob/ob mice.MethodsNitric oxide (NO) level was measured using a Griess assay. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression levels were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RNA sequencing analysis was performed to evaluate the differential gene expression in the liver of ob/ob mice.ResultsThe SFN treatment significantly attenuated the iNOS and COX-2 expression levels and inhibited NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. RNA sequencing analysis showed that the expression levels of 28 genes related to inflammation were up-regulated (> 2-fold), and six genes were down-regulated (< 0.6-fold) in the control ob/ob mice compared to normal mice. In contrast, the gene expression levels were restored to the normal level by SFN. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network showed that chemokine ligand (Cxcl14, Ccl1, Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl17) and chemokine receptor (Ccr3, Cxcr1, Ccr10) were located in close proximity and formed a “functional cluster” in the middle of the network.ConclusionsThe overall results suggest that SFN has a potent anti-inflammatory effect by normalizing the expression levels of the genes related to inflammation that were perturbed in ob/ob mice.     

UPLC-MS/MS快速测定甘蓝类蔬菜中活性成分莱菔硫烷

[目的]为了建立快速测定甘蓝类蔬菜(甘蓝、青花菜、芥蓝、苤蓝)中莱菔硫烷活性成分的方法。[方法]采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱UPLC-MS/MS,快速测定甘蓝类蔬菜中莱菔硫烷含量。[结果]采用酶解-乙酸乙酯萃取法提取莱菔硫烷,Waters BEH反相C18(2.1 mm×50.0 mm,1.7μm)分离,质谱采用电喷雾正离子ESI(+)电离,多反应监测扫描模式(MRM)检测。在4种甘蓝类蔬菜(可食性器官)中均检测到莱菔硫烷成分,在0.1~20.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 4,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.4%,检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为0.06~0.15μg/L,定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)为0.3~0.4μg/L。[结论]该方法准确可靠,能够快速检测甘蓝类蔬菜中莱菔硫烷抗癌活性成分。     

Effect of sucrose and mannitol on the accumulation of health-promoting compounds and the activity of metabolic enzymes in broccoli sprouts

The contents of ascorbic acid, glucosinolates, sulforaphane, anthocyanins, total phenolics, the activity of myrosinase and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and the antioxidant activity of broccoli sprouts grown under 88 mM and 176 mM of sucrose and mannitol were investigated. The results showed that the contents of sulforaphane, ascorbic acid and anthocyanins in broccoli sprouts were significantly increased after treatment with 88 mM of sucrose compared with the control. The contents of glucosinolates and total phenolics, the activity of PAL and the antioxidant activity in broccoli sprouts treated with 176 mM sucrose were also significantly increased, whereas the activity of myrosinase was significantly reduced. On the other hand, the contents of glucosinolate, sulforaphane and total phenolics in broccoli sprouts were also significantly increased after treatment with 176 mM of mannitol, although the contents of sulforaphane were markedly reduced compared to those treated with 176 mM of sucrose. Sucrose might induce the production of health-promoting compounds through its role of signaling, generating osmotic pressure or serving as a substrate. These results indicate that sucrose treatment could improve the nutritional value of broccoli, and the sprouts growing under adequate concentration of sucrose could benefit our diet by producing more health-promoting compounds.     

Protective effect of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 on dopaminergic cells

AIM: To determine the influence of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) on dopamine-induced toxicity in dopaminergic cells.METHODS: MTT assay was used to determine the toxic curve of dopamine in SH-SY5Y cells. Lipofection was applied to transfect SH-SY5Y cells with an NQO1 expression plasmid. The endogenous and transfected NQO1 expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. The content of cellular quinone protein was measured by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) method. RESULTS: Dopamine reduced SH-SY5Y cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, which was correlated with an increase in the content of quinone protein. Increased expression of NQO1 by transient transfection or by phase II enzyme inducer sulforaphane treatment alleviated dopamine-induced toxicity and reduced the content of cellular quinone protein. CONCLUSION: Increased NQO1 expression protects SH-SY5Y cells against cytotoxicity caused by dopamine.     

外源物质调控芥蓝幼苗MAM3基因表达及其生物信息学分析

萝卜硫苷的水解产物(萝卜硫素)对人体具有很强的抗氧化和防癌抗癌功效。本研究利用亚硒酸钠和茉莉酸甲酯处理芥蓝7 d幼苗,探究其对萝卜硫素含量及MAM3基因表达量的影响,并对MAM3蛋白进行生物信息学分析,以探寻萝卜硫素合成代谢过程的分子机理。结果显示,硒和茉莉酸甲酯处理都能提高芥蓝幼苗萝卜硫素水平,茉莉酸甲酯使萝卜硫素水平极大提高,且MAM3基因在茉莉酸甲酯的刺激下表达量与萝卜硫素水平一致。通过克隆所得MAM3基因测序发现,其开放阅读框序列1 518 bp,可编码505个氨基酸。通过一系列在线软件对MAM3蛋白进行生物信息学分析,预测MAM3蛋白为稳定的亲水蛋白,隶属于HMGL-Like大家族,是一种叶绿体蛋白,MAM3蛋白有58个磷酸化位点,且预测其蛋白结构元件中30.50%为α-螺旋、47.52%为随机卷曲、21.98%为延伸链;通过氨基酸序列多重比对发现,其与欧洲油菜、甘蓝有高度同源性。该结果证明,MAM3基因在萝卜硫素合成过程中起着重要作用。本研究结果为高萝卜硫素芥蓝品种的选育提供实践依据;对MAM3蛋白的生物信息学分析,为进一步深入研究MAM3基因功能打下理论基础。     

Sulforaphane inhibits diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis in rats

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and its possible mechanism. METHODS: DEN was repeatedly injected into the SD rats to induce HCC model, and different doses (0.19 mg/kg, 0.38 mg/kg and 0.57 mg/kg) of SFN were given at the initial symptoms of fibrosis or cirrhosis. The morphological changes of liver specimens and the number of cancerous nodules were observed, and the degree of hepatocyte injury and hepatocellular carcinogenesis were evaluated by HE and Masson staining. The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in liver tissues were measured by ELISA. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and content of mdlondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissues were detected by spectrophotometry method. RESULTS: Macroscopic observation showed that the number of cancerous nodules in SFN intervention groups was lower than that in DEN group, and the dosage of SFN was negatively correlated with the degree of liver canceration. HE staining and Masson staining showed that SFN inhibited the liver canceration and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by DEN, and the degree of alleviation was positively correlated with the dosage of SFN. The data of ELISA showed that SFN attenuated the hepatocyte injury induced by DEN, and the higher the concentration of SFN was used, the lower the levels of AST, ALT, TBIL and ALP in liver tissues were detected. The levels of inflammatory factors IL-1α, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in liver tissues were decreased after administration of SFN, and the degree of reduction was positively correlated with the concentration of administration, while the levels of inflammatory factors IL-10 and TGF-β were positively correlated with the concentrations of SFN. The activity of SOD, CAT and GPx was decreased with the increase in SFN concentration. CONCLUSION: SFN has a certain inhibitory effect on the liver cancer development induced by DEN, which may be related to the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and liver injury-reducing effects of SFN.     

西兰花毛状根悬浮培养体系建立

为建立西兰花毛状根高增殖能力悬浮培养体系,实验对通过发根农杆菌ATCC15834浸染西兰花叶片获得的毛状根进行PCR检测,高增殖液体悬浮培养体系条件的优化,毛状根生长动态与萝卜硫素合成动力学研究。实验结果表明,诱导出的毛状根整合了发根农杆菌ATCC15834的rol B基因。毛状根液体悬浮培养的最佳条件为:接种量为1mg/mL、转速为110r/min、培养基体积100mL、培养温度为25℃,增殖倍数达26.47倍。毛状根悬浮培养生长分为迟滞期、分化期、增殖期、静止期、衰亡期五个时期,萝卜硫素的合成于培养的静止期,并向培养基中少量释放,且最佳收获时间为接种后的第21天。这一研究结果可为次生代谢产物萝卜硫素的生产提供一定的理论基础。     

Protective effects of sulforaphane on retinal neurons in diabetic rats

AIM: To clarify whether sulforaphane (SF) has protective effects on retina neuronal cells in diabetic rats and to identify the related mechanisms involved in this process. METHODS: The diabetic rat model was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The protective effects of SF were evaluated by measuring the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), detecting apoptosis of retina neuronal cells with TUNEL staining and counting the survival retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the protein expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were examined by immunofluorescence analysis and Western blot. RESULTS: SF treatment significantly attenuated ROS generation, decreased the apoptosis of retina neuronal cells and increased the numbers of survival RGCs in the diabetic rats. Meanwhile, SF significantly increased the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and the protein level of HO-1 in the retinas of diabetic rats. However, HO-1 inhibitor, protoporphyrin IX zinc (Ⅱ) diminished the inhibitory effects of SF on RGCs apoptosis. CONCLUSION: SF partially exerts the beneficial neuroprotective effects via the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway, therefore alleviating retinal oxidative stress and decreasing the apoptosis of retina neuronal cells.     

高萝卜硫素青花菜品比试验

福青1号是新选育的高萝卜硫素青花菜品种,以3个推广品种曼陀绿、山水、马拉松为对照进行品比试验,试验结果表明,福青1号单球质量中等,株型最小,株高、开展度、叶长均小于其他3个品种;球茎空心率低;萝卜硫素含量达767.170μg/g,是马拉松的4.8倍。