甘蔗收割机单圆盘根切器虚拟样机研究

为了研究收割机单圆盘根切器运动、几何参数对甘蔗切割质量、收获损失的影响,使用ObjectARX在AutoCAD平台上建立根切器虚拟样机,对其工作过程进行了研究。研究表明:切割过程中存在多刀切割和重复切割甘蔗现象,该现象通过高速摄影试验得到了验证。给出了甘蔗受到多刀切割和重复切割刀数的计算公式,出现多于两刀切割的现象主要是由于刀盘转速、收获机前进速度和刀片数之间的匹配问题,是可以避免的。刀片安装角度影响刀片切入甘蔗所经历的路程,并且相当于改变了实际切入甘蔗的刀片厚度。甘蔗和根切器的相对位置影响根茬与刀片之间的作用力。     

甘蔗间作种植方式研究进展

阐述了国内外有关甘蔗间作的研究进展,分析了间作对甘蔗品质和产量、土壤养分的影响以及对甘蔗病虫草害的控制,提出我国甘蔗间作应注意的关键问题。     

钾肥施用量对甘蔗产质量的影响

通过田间试验,研究甘蔗不同施钾水平对甘蔗产量和品质的影响。结果表明,随着施钾量的增加（1）甘蔗茎径、单茎重有明显下降趋势,有效茎数则有明显上升趋势,甘蔗的茎长、产量无明显趋势。（2）提高了蔗汁蔗糖分、总糖、改正锤度、重力纯度,改善了甘蔗品质。     

甘蔗花叶病研究进展

根据国内外的研究现状,综述了甘蔗花叶病的症状与危害、致病病毒、发病规律、病毒检测及防治措施等方面的研究进展．并提出了今后的研究方向和发展目标。     

云南甘蔗害虫天敌及其自然控制作用

本文简述了云南蔗区甘蔗主要害虫天敌资源及其对害虫的自然控制作用。在云南蔗田内 ,控制甘蔗害虫发生的生物因子主要的可分为捕食性和寄生性两大类。合理保护利用天敌 ,充分发挥天敌对害虫的自然调控作用 ,这对保护生态环境 ,维护蔗田生态平衡 ,提高害虫综合治理水平 ,促进蔗糖业可持续发展均具有重要意义。     

我国甘蔗施肥技术现状与对策

总结了我国甘蔗施肥技术现状及存在的主要问题,并提出了一些提高施肥技术水平的对策。     

添加尿素对甘蔗梢青贮的影响

[目的]通过对退役水牛饲喂添加尿素青贮甘蔗梢的研究,为提高甘蔗梢的利用提供依据。[方法]甘蔗梢直接青贮和添加尿素青贮,并进行常规营养成分和纤维的进行分析,同时实施退役水牛育肥试验。[结果]表明：①直接青贮的甘蔗梢pH值为3.9,添加尿素青贮的pH值为4.1,两者均达到优质标准;②添加尿素青贮后,粗蛋白（CP）和粗脂肪（EE）含量提高了103.8%和41.4%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;粗灰分（Ash）提高了7.7%,无氮浸出物（NFE）降低了8.4%,差异显著（P〈0.05）;中性洗涤不溶粗蛋白（NDICP）、酸性洗涤不溶蛋白（ADICP）和酸不溶灰分（AIA）分别提高了9.8%、14%和27%,非纤维性碳水化合物（NFC）降低了13%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、纤维素（C）、半纤维素（HC）分别降低了4.1%、3.6%和8.7%,差异显著（P〈0.05）;③在不补饲精料条件下,对退役水牛饲喂直接青贮的甘蔗梢,平均日增重（ADG）仅为33 g;饲喂添加尿素青贮甘蔗梢,ADG得到了极显著的提高,为764 g,（P〈0.01）;每头每天再补给0.5 kg肉牛浓缩料和2.0 kg、4.0 kg精料补充料,ADG分别达到941 g和1 142 g、1 427 g,差异极显著（P〈0.01）。[结论]添加尿素青贮甘蔗梢能有效降低粗纤维含量,提高消化利用率;饲喂添加尿素青贮甘蔗梢育肥退役水牛,日增重显著高于直接青贮甘蔗梢的饲喂效果。     

A global sensitivity analysis of cultivar trait parameters in a sugarcane growth model for contrasting production environments in Queensland,Australia

New sugarcane cultivars are continuously developed to improve sugar industry productivity. Despite this sugarcane crop models such as the ‘Sugar’ module in the Agricultural Productions System sIMulator (APSIM-Sugar) have not been updated to reflect the most recent cultivars. The implications of misrepresenting cultivar parameters in APSIM-Sugar is difficult to judge as little research has been published on the likely values of these parameters and how uncertainty in parameter values may affect model outputs. A global sensitivity analysis can be used to better understand how cultivar parameters influence simulated yields. A Gaussian emulator was used to perform a global sensitivity analysis on simulated biomass and sucrose yield at harvest for two contrasting sugarcane-growing regions in Queensland, Australia. Biomass and sucrose yields were simulated for 42 years to identify inter-annual variability in output sensitivities to 10 parameters that represent physiological traits and can be used to simulated differences between sugarcane cultivars. Parameter main effect (S_i) and total effect (ST_i) sensitivity indices and emulator accuracy were calculated for all year-region-output combinations. When both regions were considered together parameters representing radiation use efficiency (rue), number of green leaves (green_leaf_no) and a conductance surrogate parameter (k_L) were the most influential parameters for simulated biomass in APSIM-Sugar. Simulated sucrose yield was most sensitive to rue, sucrose_fraction (representing the fraction of biomass partitioned as sucrose in the stem) and green_leaf_no. However, climate and soil differences between regions changed the level of influence cultivar parameters had on simulation outputs. Specifically, model outputs were more sensitive to changes in the transp_eff_cf and k_L parameters in the Burdekin region due to lower rainfall and poor simulated soil conditions. Collecting data on influential traits that are relatively simple to measure (e.g. number of green leaves) during cultivar development would greatly contribute to the simulation of new cultivars in crop models. Influential parameters that are difficult to measure directly such as transp_eff_cf and sucrose_fraction are ideal candidates for statistical calibration. Calibrating crop models either through direct observation or statistical calibration would allow crop modellers to better test how new cultivars will perform in a range of production environments.     

不同方法处理甘蔗叶梢饲喂山羊的试验研究

为了探讨不同处理方法对甘蔗叶稍营养价值的影响及饲喂山羊的效果,为科学利用甘蔗叶梢养羊技术提供科学依据。分别采用青贮、氨化、微贮的方法处理甘蔗叶梢,并进行山羊的饲养试验。结果表明,青贮、氨化、微贮甘蔗叶梢均达到优级标准;与新鲜甘蔗叶梢相比,氨化和微贮均提高了甘蔗叶梢的粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)的含量;在精料相同的条件下,氨化、微贮均可极显著(P0.01)提高山羊对甘蔗叶梢的采食量、平均日增重和养羊的经济效益。     

甘蔗茎秆切割力的计算

利用弹性理论,采用双梁模型对甘蔗茎秆材料的切割进行了理论建模,并得出了蔗材切割力的理论计算公式。以单向复合材料为甘蔗茎秆的材料模型,分析了影响切割力的因素,建立了甘蔗材料单位切割力的经验公式。通过对甘蔗切割力试验数据的分析,得出本文试验条件下的甘蔗茎秆切割力经验公式,并通过试验对该经验公式进行了验证。