河南省沿黄稻区土壤锌素状况及施锌效果

田间试验和室内分析表明，沿黄稻区石灰性土壤常因ｐＨ值偏高、含锌量低而导致水稻缺锌，诱发赤枯病；于水稻移栽时，用０．５％氧化锌悬浊液蘸秧根或在水稻移栽后喷施０．５％硫酸锌以及事先用硫磺粉调节土壤ｐＨ值，均可促进水稻生长发育，提高水稻产量，防止赤枯病的发生。其中以氧化锌蘸秧根效果最佳。     

Ranking of physiotherapeutic evaluation methods as outcome measures of stifle functionality in dogs

Background

Various physiotherapeutic evaluation methods are used to assess the functionality of dogs with stifle problems. Neither validity nor sensitivity of these methods has been investigated. This study aimed to determine the most valid and sensitive physiotherapeutic evaluation methods for assessing functional capacity in hind limbs of dogs with stifle problems and to serve as a basis for developing an indexed test for these dogs. A group of 43 dogs with unilateral surgically treated cranial cruciate ligament deficiency and osteoarthritic findings was used to test different physiotherapeutic evaluation methods. Twenty-one healthy dogs served as the control group and were used to determine normal variation in static weight bearing and range of motion.The protocol consisted of 14 different evaluation methods: visual evaluation of lameness, visual evaluation of diagonal movement, visual evaluation of functional active range of motion and difference in thrust of hind limbs via functional tests (sit-to-move and lie-to-move), movement in stairs, evaluation of hind limb muscle atrophy, manual evaluation of hind limb static weight bearing, quantitative measurement of static weight bearing of hind limbs with bathroom scales, and passive range of motion of hind limb stifle (flexion and extension) and tarsal (flexion and extension) joints using a universal goniometer. The results were compared with those from an orthopaedic examination, force plate analysis, radiographic evaluation, and a conclusive assessment. Congruity of the methods was assessed with a combination of three statistical approaches (Fisher’s exact test and two differently calculated proportions of agreeing observations), and the components were ranked from best to worst. Sensitivities of all of the physiotherapeutic evaluation methods against each standard were calculated.

Results

Evaluation of asymmetry in a sitting and lying position, assessment of muscle atrophy, manual and measured static weight bearing, and measurement of stifle passive range of motion were the most valid and sensitive physiotherapeutic evaluation methods.

Conclusions

Ranking of the various physiotherapeutic evaluation methods was accomplished. Several of these methods can be considered valid and sensitive when examining the functionality of dogs with stifle problems.     

Meniscal damage diagnosed by ultrasonography in horses: A retrospective study of 74 femorotibial joint ultrasonographic examinations (2000–2005)

This retrospective study reports diagnostic findings in 74 horses with ultrasonographic diagnosis of femorotibial joint damage; it describes the ultrasonographic features of meniscal tears and determines the prevalence of medial or lateral meniscal involvement and of associated synovial effusions. Horses were classified into four groups: with medial meniscal damage, with lateral meniscal damage, with lesions in both menisci, and with no ultrasonographic evidence of meniscal damage. After ultrasonographic appearance, meniscal lesions were described as central degeneration, horizontal tear, partial oblique tear of the distal angle, combined horizontal and oblique tears, or complex tear. Meniscal protrusion or other associated ultrasonographic or radiographic abnormalities were recorded. Of the 74 horses, 54 (73%) had medial meniscal damage, 5 (6.75%) had lateral meniscal damage, 5 (6.75%) had lesions in both menisci, and 10 (13.5%) had no meniscal lesion. Meniscal protrusion occurred in 20 cases (27%). Horizontal tears were the most frequent type of meniscal lesion (26 horses). Complex lesions were found in 6 lateral menisci and 14 medial menisci. Lesions of the cranial meniscal ligaments were seen in 10 horses. Synovial effusion of one or several joint compartments was found in 51 cases (68.9%).This study demonstrates the high prevalence of meniscal tears and synovitis in horses with ultrasonographic evidence of femorotibial derangement. Based on this series of clinical cases, horizontal tears of the medial meniscus appear to be the most frequent soft tissue injury of the equine stifle.     

Case Report of a Complex Lateral Femorotibial Joint Injury With Popliteal Tendonitis in a Foal

A two-month-old, Spanish breed, foal was referred with right hind limb lameness of two weeks duration. Clinical examinations confirmed a complex combination of lesions within the lateral femorotibial joint, including a subchondral bone cyst in the lateral femoral condyle, a severe popliteal tendonitis, and a delayed cartilage detachment of the lateral femoral condyle. Because of the complex association of these lesions, poor prognosis for an athletic career was given to the owner. Four years later, the filly is pasture sound. Lesions of the popliteal tendon in the horse are uncommon. The popliteal tendon should also be investigated in cases of trauma to the lateral femorotibial joint, as it could be associated with other affected structures.     

Treatment of Bilateral Medial Femoral Condyle Articular Cartilage Fissures in a Horse Using Bone Marrow-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

The objective of this study was to describe the use, and outcome, of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the treatment of equine articular cartilage defects of the medial femoral condyle. A 4-year-old Thoroughbred gelding (n = 1) with bilateral stifle athroscopy was found to have bilateral articular cartilage fissure defects of the medial femoral condyles with concurrent cranial cruciate ligament injury. Bone marrow derived MSCs were isolated, expanded, and suspended in a partially autologous fibrin glue. The initial cell/fibrin glue mixture was delivered arthroscopically into the articular cartilage defects 90 days after the initial arthroscopic examination. Follow-up treatments included two additional injections of MSCs suspended in lactated Ringers solution, 5 and 13 months after the initial examination, directly into the joint. Post-treatment outcome was assessed by arthroscopic examination and by comparison of preinjury and post-treatment performance records. Arthroscopic evaluation 4 months after the initial MSC treatment revealed marked smoothing, reduction in the depth of cartilage defects and observation of moderate improvement in the cranial cruciate ligament. Approximately 15 months after the initial MSC treatment the horse returned to racing. Analysis of race records demonstrated that the post-treatment (including all three MSC treatments) average race earnings (earnings per start) were comparable with those predating the initial injury. The favorable clinical response in the face of an unknown, but likely, guarded prognosis suggest that MSC therapy is not deleterious and may augment healing of articular cartilage fissures of the medial femoral condyle. MSCs represent a viable and promising alternative therapy in the treatment of articular cartilage injuries in performance horses.