5龄蚕立体条桑育研究

研究了5龄立体饲育架制作，条桑收获及饲养技术，明确了全年采用立体条桑育对蚕茧产质量及桑树秋末生长的关系，条桑收获及饲育是一项省工高效的养蚕技术。     

Pharmacokinetics and effects of alfaxalone after intravenous and intramuscular administration to cats

AIMS: To determine the pharmacokinetics, and anaesthetic and sedative effects of alfaxalone after I/V and I/M administration to cats.

METHODS: Six European shorthair cats, three males and three females, with a mean weight of 4.21 (SD 0.53) kg and aged 3.8 (SD 0.9) years were enrolled in this crossover, two–treatment, two-period study. Alfaxalone at a dose of 5?mg/kg was administered either I/V or I/M. Blood samples were collected between 2–480 minutes after drug administration and analysed for concentrations of alfaxalone by HPLC. The plasma concentration-time curves were analysed by non-compartmental analysis. Sedation scores were evaluated between 5–120 minutes after drug administration using a numerical rating scale (from 0–18). Intervals from drug administration to sit, sternal and lateral recumbency during the induction phase, and to head-lift, sternal recumbency and standing position during recovery were recorded.

RESULTS: The mean half-life and mean residence time of alfaxalone were longer after I/M (1.28 (SD 0.21) and 2.09 (SD 0.36) hours, respectively) than after I/V (0.49 (SD 0.07) and 0.66 (SD 0.16) hours, respectively) administration (p<0.05). Bioavailability after I/M injection of alfaxalone was 94.7 (SD 19.8)%. The mean intervals to sternal and lateral recumbency were longer in the I/M (3.73 (SD 1.99) and 6.12 (SD 0.90) minutes, respectively) compared to I/V (0 minutes for all animals) treated cats (p<0.01). Sedation scores indicative of general anaesthesia (scores >15) were recorded from 5–15 minutes after I/V administration and deep sedation (scores 11–15) at 20 and 30 minutes. Deep sedation was observed from 10–45 minutes after I/M administration. One cat from each group showed hyperkinesia during recovery, and the remainder had an uneventful recovery.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Alfaxalone administered I/V in cats provides rapid and smooth induction of anaesthesia. After I/M administration, a longer exposure to the drug and an extended half life were obtained compared to I/V administration. Therefore I/M administration of alfaxalone could be a reliable, suitable and easy route in cats, taking into account that alfaxalone has a slower onset of sedation than when given I/V and achieves deep sedation rather than general anaesthesia.     

小叶杨立木横断面的超声波传播速度

为对立木进行无损检测,探索了超声波在立木内的传播特性及影响因子。以小叶杨(Populus simonii)立木为研究对象,采用针式阻抗仪对30棵样本立木内部缺陷状况进行了初步估计,利用RSM-SYS5超声仪测试了超声波在立木内部的传播速度,分别统计了健康和含缺陷立木内的超声波传播速度,并对缺陷大小与传播速度之间的关系进行了回归分析。分析结果表明:当直径为30～55cm时,超声波在小叶杨健康样本立木中径向传播速度为1000～1616.766m/s,并且绝大多数大于1000m/s;小叶杨立木内部存在缺陷时,超声波径向传播速度均小于1000m/s。立木缺陷对超声波在小叶杨立木内的径向传播速度有较为显著的影响,缺陷大小与径向传播速度呈显著负相关,相关系数R2=0.887。     

Long-term deep sedation using Zoletil and haloperidol for the treatment of streptococcal pneumonia in an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)

A 13-year-old Bornean orangutan diagnosed with life threatening Streptococcus pyogenes broncho-pneumonia was kept in a state of deep sedation for 20 days via continuous intra-venous (IV) infusion of zolazepam -tiletamine and IV haloperidol to allow consistent IV administration of ceftazidime and gatifloxacine. The use of long-term deep sedation allowed carrying out a particularly demanding treatment not generally associated with zoological patients. The treatment was ultimately successful.     

Comparison of intraoperative cardiorespiratory and behavioral responses to medetomidine combined with tramadol or butorphanol during standing laparoscopic ovariectomy in horses

The purpose of this study was to assess the cardiorespiratory and behavioral responses to the combination of medetomidine and tramadol (M-T) or butorphanol (M-B) in standing laparoscopic ovariectomy in horses. One ovary was removed under M-T and the contralateral ovary was removed under M-B with at least 4 weeks between operations at random. Horses were sedated using intravenous medetomidine (5 µg/kg) followed by tramadol (1 mg/kg) or butorphanol (10 µg/kg) after 5 min. Sedation was maintained through the repeated injection of medetomidine (1 µg/kg) and tramadol (0.4 mg/kg) or medetomidine (1 µg/kg) and butorphanol (4 µg/kg) every 15 min. Cardiorespiratory function and behavioral responses, including, sedation, ataxia, and analgesia, were assessed during the surgery. There were no significant differences in cardiorespiratory values and sedation and analgesia scores between M-T and M-B. Ataxia scores were significantly lower in M-T than in M-B. This result suggests that M-T could maintain smooth and stable standing surgery with minimal cardiorespiratory changes in horses.     

哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林枯立木数量及分配规律

以三棵树、锅底塘、山门口和簸箕坝4块样地调查资料为基础,研究了云南哀牢山国家级自然保护区内中山湿性常绿阔叶林枯立木的数量组成、分配格局和生物量特征.结果表明:哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林内枯立木的密度为(68.5±18.0)株/hm2,枯立木占全部乔木的(5.7±0.6)%.枯立木胸径(DBH)分配以小径级为主(5≤DBH＜20 cm),此径级的枯立木显著高于另外2个级别(20≤DBH＜40 cm和DBH≥40 cm,P<0.05).哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林枯立木的物种组成极其丰富,分属于14科32种,树种组成以壳斗科的腾冲栲(Castanopsis wattii)、硬壳柯(Lithocarpus hancei)和木果柯(Lithocarpus xylocarpus),越桔科的云南越桔(Vaccinium duclouxii),杜鹃花科的珍珠花(Lyonia ovalifolia)和薄叶杜鹃(Rhododendron leptothrium)为主.哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林枯立木贮量较高为(3.9±0.7)t*hm-2,生物量的树种分配以腾冲栲(Castanopsis wattii)和木果柯(Lithocarpus xylocarpus)为主.     

二月兰访花昆虫种类及其访花行为1）

为了解南京地区早春植物二月兰（ Orychophragmus violaceus）的访花昆虫种类及其行为特点,采用捕捉、鉴定、视频、图像采集等方法,对二月兰访花昆虫的种类、访花行为进行了调查研究。结果表明：二月兰的访花昆虫有23种,分别隶属5目、13科,其中东方蜜蜂（ Apis cerana）、黄胸木蜂（ Xly ocopa appendiculata）、长木蜂（ Biluna tranquabarorum）、赤足木蜂（Xylocopa rufipes）、黑颚条蜂（Anthophora mle anognatha）、黑带食蚜蝇（Episyrphus baltea-tus）及暗脉菜粉蝶（ Piersi naip ）为主要访花昆虫;它们的日活动规律分为单峰型和双峰型2种;黑颚条蜂弹花频率最高,东方蜜蜂的弹花频率最低;黄胸木蜂、长木蜂以及赤足木蜂在开花盛期的弹花频率高于开花末期,东方蜜蜂和黑颚条蜂在开花末期的弹花频率高于开花盛期;黑颚条蜂的每花停留时间最短,东方蜜蜂的停留时间最长。     

典型草原种群特征对放牧制度的响应

采用放牧形式研究典型草原不同放牧制度群落动态变化规律.结果表明,牧草生长季前期干旱年份(2001年),划区轮牧区月现存量、生长量、生产力都显著高于自由放牧区(P＜0.05),而在降雨充沛的年份(2002年),两放牧处理无显著差异(P＞0.05);划区轮牧区的优势种的密度、高度、盖度以及重要值在两年均高于自由放牧区(P＜0.05).