Abstract The shelf-life of Spanish mackerel caught by line fishing in Northern Australian waters was evaluated. Spiked fish were stored in ice either headed and gutted or left uncut and subjected to sensory, nucleotide, pH, histamine and microbial analysts and the rigor pattern recorded. There was little difference between the two product forms. Rigor in uncut fish lasted for 14 ± 9.8 hours and in headed and gutted fish for 19.6 ± 16.3 hours. Spanish mackerel retained good sensory quality for up to 14 days. The bacterial load reached 105 cfu/g by 18 days. K values were low for most of the storage time, < 40%. Histamine levels did not develop more than 10 mg/kg during storage. The pH of Spanish mackerel did not change much even though bacterial levels become high. 相似文献
In this paper we report the results of a study on the suitability of the dehesa (Mediterranean woodlands) as habitat of red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in a closed country estate of about 4300 ha total surface situated in the San Pedro Mountain, in Central Extremadura, Spain. We have described the deer management with respect to habitat, exploitation mode, deer feeding, population control and production of goods and services. It is concluded that the dehesa system is a rich natural resource that preserves and improves the degraded environment.
Resumen En el presente trabajo se estudia la dehesa como hábitat del ciervo (Cervus elaphus hispanicus). Se ha tomado como referencia una finca cerrada de 4300 ha de ST situada en la Sierra de San Pedro, en Extremadura, España. Se describen los sistemas de gestión actuales del ciervo en cuanto a hábitat, modo de explotación, alimentación, control de población y producción de bienes y servicios. Concluyendo con la necesidad de fomentar este tipo de explotaciones cinegéticas de dehesa que ayudan a conservar y potenciar el medio ambiente en zonas despobladas y deprimidas
Abbreviations CS
collected surface
- DMFCU
deedmixed feed cattle units
- Fi
final inventory
- FS
fertilized surface
- Ii
Initial inventory
- K
Potassium
- N
Nitrogen
- NBF
number of breeding females
- NBFIi
number of breeding females of initial inventory
- NBFR
number of breeding females released
- NBM
number of breeding males
- NBMIi
number of breeding males of initial inventory
- NBMR
number of breeding males released
- NCCR
number of captive calves released
- NCFi
number of calves of final inventory
- NCR
number of calves released
- NFR
number of female renovation
- NYMR
number of young males released
- NYFR
number of young females released
- P
phosphorus
- PP
permanent Pastures
- pts
pesetas
- QS
Quercus stalks
- RDED
resources directly eaten by deer
- SPOM
selected hunted down poor quality males
- SS
sowed surface
- TN
total needs of deer
- TNR
total number released
- UAS
useable agrarian surface
- WB
wooded brush
- WQS
wooded Quercus surface
- WS
wooded surface 相似文献
Pea bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) has long been known to be present in pea growing areas of Spain and to cause serious crop losses, although there is no published
record of its occurrence. A collection of 16 isolates from a winter pea trial in Valladolid in 1991 which were shown in this
study to be P.s. pv. pisi races 4 and 6 would appear to be the first published record of the disease in Spain. This occurrence of races 4 and 6 is
the same as reported for winter-sown peas in the South of France. Ten Pisum sativum landraces from different geographical areas of Spain and considered to be representative of the traditional pea crop, were
tested for resistance to seven races of P.s. pv. pisi. Seedlings of each landrace were stem inoculated with the type strain of each race in a glasshouse. Resistance exhibited
by the different landraces mainly conformed to those previously described in pea cultivars indicating various combinations
of the main resistance genes: R3, R2+4, R3+4 and R2+3+4. R3 was the most frequent R gene, being present in all landraces.
R4 was present in four and R2 in three of the landraces tested. Variation for resistance within landraces was limited except
for landrace accessions ZP-0102, ZP-0109 and ZP-0137 which also showed variation for morphological traits. The resistance
responses of landrace ZP-0109 were difficult to interpret, but suggested a genetic mixture with some evidence of less well
documented R genes, R5 and/or R6, and possibly some unknown resistance to race 6.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
Gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumours from two Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica) were examined grossly, histologically and immunohistochemically. One neoplasm was a 1.5 kg tan multinodular cavitated mass in the forestomach. The other tumour was a firm mural mass 1.2 cm in diameter in the colon. Microscopically, both tumours were formed mainly by spindle shaped cells arranged in closely packed interlacing fascicles. Neoplastic cells in both tumours labelled positively for KIT (CD117), vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin. These findings suggest that both neoplasms were gastrointestinal stromal tumours and most likely to be derived from the interstitial cells of Cajal or their progenitor cells. 相似文献
Three thousand one hundred and ninety-three Merino-breeding males were genotyped for Scrapie-resistance gene. They showed a high frequency of ARQ allele while VRQ allele frequency, linked to the highest susceptibility, was close to 0. Alleles linked to Scrapie-susceptibility frequencies have been studied in different Merino flocks. Most of the variability is intraflock, not interflock. In addition, there is an excess of heterozygotes due to crossbreeding or Wahlund effect.
Five control and prevention strategies were studied: first genotyping males and females and eliminating VRQ carriers and ARQ/ARQ rams; second genotyping males and females and eliminating VRQ carriers; third genotyping males and eliminating VRQ carriers and ARQ/ARQ rams; fourth genotyping males and using only as breeders ARR/ARR, ARR/AHQ, AHQ/AHQ and ARQ/ARQ rams; fifth genotyping males and using only as breeders ARR/ARR, ARR/AHQ and AHQ/AHQ rams. They were simulated from allelic and genotypic frequencies to decide which animals had to be genotyped and which animals had to be eliminated due to their genotypes and risk levels. The third option, to genotype rams and to eliminate ARQ/ARQ and VRQ carriers, would be the best strategy to improve the resistance and would cause minimal cost and loss of animals. 相似文献
This research assesses the genetic composition of three Arab-derived Spanish horse breeds as an example to highlight the major shortcomings related to genealogical analyses in open populations and to propose approaches useful to deal with this task. The studbooks of three Spanish Arab (SA)-derived horse breeds, Spanish Anglo-Arab (dAA), Hispano-Arab (dHA) and Spanish Sport Horse (dSSH) and those of their parental breeds SA, Spanish Purebred (SPB) and Thoroughbred (TB), totalling 211 754 individuals, were available. The genealogies of the dAA, dHA and dSSH were analysed not only using the corresponding studbook (breed exclusive dataset) but also including the genealogies of the founders from parental breeds (completed dataset). Coancestry analyses revealed that the present SA-derived populations share more genes with the Arab than with the other parental breeds. Effective population size was computed by accounting for migration rates to obtain an equivalent closed-population effective size (eq N e) of 39.2 for the dAA, 56.3 for dHA and 114.1 for dSSH. The essayed methodologies were useful for characterising populations involving migration. The consequences of the management of the analysed breeds are discussed. The results emphasize the need to include the complete genealogies of the individuals to attain reliable genealogical parameters. 相似文献