Replacing Soybean Meal with Alternative Protein Sources in Diets for Pond‐raised Hybrid Catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus

The present study investigated the replacement of soybean meal with combinations of two or three alternative protein sources in diets for pond‐raised hybrid catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus. Alternative protein sources evaluated included cottonseed meal, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), peanut meal, and porcine meat and bone meal (PMBM). Hybrid catfish fingerlings with a mean initial weight of 35 g/fish were stocked into 25 earthen ponds (0.04 ha) at a density of 14,826 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation for 166 d. No significant differences were observed for total diet fed, net yield, weight gain, survival, carcass yield, fillet yield, or fillet proximate composition among dietary treatments. Results show soybean meal may be completely replaced by combinations of cottonseed meal and one or two other alternative protein sources including DDGS, peanut meal, and PMBM in the diet without markedly affecting production and processing characteristics and fillet proximate composition of pond‐raised hybrid catfish. These alternative diets may be used during foodfish production when prices are favorable.     

活性炭吸附痕量银的研究

在静态、动态吸附条件下，分别选用果壳类净水用活性炭和煤质净水用活性炭对胶片工业废水中的痕量银的吸附行为进行了研究．结果表明，废水中的银浓度可降至＜５０ｐｐｂ，活性炭对银的吸附量达到３～５ｍｇ／ｇ．微孔发达的活性炭更适于吸附废水中的痕量银．随着银液浓度的升高，银液量增大，活性炭吸附能力增加．银液的最佳吸附ｐＨ值是５．     

Annual sex hormonal profiles, gonad development and age determination of the Mekong giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas, Chevey)

Annual sex hormonal profiles, gonad development and age determination of 18 (13–14 kg body weight) and three (145–226 kg body weight) Mekong giant catfish (MGC) (Pangasianodon gigas, Chevey) reared in earthen ponds in Chiang Mai and from the Mekong River in Chiang Rai, Thailand, respectively, were investigated. The hormonal profiles were determined from blood samples of the fish by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay during May to August in 2000. The highest testosterone levels of 0.06 ng mL^?1 in both sexes and the highest oestradiol of 47.8 and 14.23 pg mL^?1 in females and males, respectively, were observed in May. The gonadosomatic index was found to be 0.07 for males and 0.38 for females from ponds in comparison with 2.27 for males and 8.29 for females from the Mekong River. Higher development stages of spermatocytes and oocytes of the cultured fish in May than in February and November were demonstrated. No mature germ cells were obtained from either the males or females, indicating no sexual maturity. The average age of fish was determined from the annual rings of the cross‐section of the pectoral fins by a stereomicroscope. The average age of fish in earthen pond determined from the annual ring was 8 years, which agreed with the actual culture records, while those from the Mekong River were 21 years. This information will be beneficial for the breeding programmes and conservation of the MGC.     

南瓜银叶突变体48a的表型特征及其遗传学分析

南瓜银叶突变体48a是在嫩食型中国南瓜中分离筛选到的稳定遗传自交系,银色叶不仅可以作为标记性状应用到育种中,还可为南瓜抗虫、抗病、耐寒等一系列研究提供重要的材料基础。笔者对银叶突变体的表型特征及叶片的解剖结构进行鉴定分析,发现植株整体长势、熟性与野生型无明显差异;成熟叶片正面全部呈银灰色,叶绿素含量明显降低,叶片上表皮细胞与栅栏细胞间明显剥离,存在明显的空隙。利用突变体48a和野生型49a南瓜自交系构建的六世代遗传群体,调查发现F2的绿叶与银叶符合3∶1的分离比,回交群体BC1P1分离比符合1∶1,表明南瓜银色叶性状由单隐性基因控制。     

名牌战略——浅谈君山银针营销策略

在市场经济条件下,实行君山银针的品牌战略,应确立“茶盖中华,价压天下”这一“卖点”。积极参与市场竞争,加强保护意识,从而赢得市场。     

摄食水平对黄颡鱼氮和能量收支的影响

在25℃、自然光照条件下,测定黄颡鱼在摄食水平为1/3饱食、2/3饱食和饱食时的氮和能量收支.结果显示,摄食水平对黄颡鱼的氮收支和能量收支均有显著影响,随着摄食水平的提高,生长氮和生长能的比例显著提高,排泄氮、粪氮和代谢能的比例显著下降,但在饱食2/3和饱食水平时,生长氮、生长能、排泄氮和代谢能比例差异都不显著.     

斑点叉尾鮰对3种致病菌灭活菌苗的免疫应答

将经福尔马林灭活的柱状嗜纤维菌(Cytophaga columnaris)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophi-la)和叉尾鮰爱德华菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)作为免疫原,分别接种斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatusRafinsque)后,通过测定受免鱼的交叉凝集抗体效价、头肾和血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性及用A.hydrophila活菌攻毒的方法,探讨了斑点叉尾鮰对3种灭活菌苗的免疫应答状况。试验结果表明,对斑点叉尾鮰经腹腔注射接种3种灭活菌苗能刺激受免鱼产生较强的免疫应答,受免鱼产生了对3种致病菌的特异性凝集抗体和交叉凝集抗体,与未接种菌苗的对照鱼相比,受免鱼头肾和血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性明显上升,活菌攻毒的结果也证明了受免斑点叉尾鮰对C.columnaris,A.hydrophila和E.ictaluri产生了不同程度的相对免疫保护率(RPS)。     

Evaluation of Mixed-Feeding Schedules with Varying Dietary Protein Content on the Growth Performance and Reduction of Cost of Production for Sutchi Catfish,Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage) with Silver Carp,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes)

Abstract

An on-station pond trial was conducted for 6 months to investigate the suitability of mixed-feeding schedules with varying protein levels on the growth of sutchi catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmuswith silver carp, Hypophthalmicthys molitrixwith a view to minimizing the cost of production. Five different feeding regimes employed were: high protein diet (30% protein, H), low protein (15% protein, L), one day low protein diet followed by one day high protein diet (1L/1H), 7 day low protein diet followed by 7 day high protein diet (7L/7H), and 14 day low protein diet followed by 14 day high protein diet (14L/14H). Ten experimental ponds each of 0.008 ha size were divided into 5 treatment groups each with two replicates. Fishes were stocked at the ratio of 80:20 (sutchi catfish:silver carp) at the total rate of 25,000/ha. Feeding rate was calculated only on the basis of sutchi catfish weight only and fish were fed at the rate of 15,10, 8, and 5% of their body weight for 1st, 2nd, 3rd months, and the rest of the experimental period, respectively. The ranges of water quality parameters during the study period were: temperature 22°C to 32.8°C, dissolved oxygen 4.30 to 7.44 mg/L, pH 6.85 to 7.50, and transparency 21.9 to 32.2 cm. The result of the study showed that significantly (P < 0.05) higher fish weight gain was achieved in feeding schedules of H and 1L/1H and lowest with 14L/14H. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) values ranged between 2.06 and 2.51 with H and 1L/1H showing significantly the best FCR. The FCR values were very low when weight of silver carp was considered which ranged between 1.58 and 1.68. The survival (%) of sutchi catfish were lower (78.1 to 82.5%) compared to that of silver carp (90–95%). The total production of sutchi catfish ranged between 3594 and 7095 kg/ha and silver carp ranged between 1777 and 2220 kg/ha. A simple economic analysis showed that fish in 1L/1H fed alternately with low and high protein diets resulted in the highest net profit. The result of the study suggest that for profitable sutchi catfish farming in Bangladesh, farmers can adopt a mixed-feeding schedule of alternated low and high protein diet instead of continuously feeding a high protein diet.     

Effects of Partial and Complete Replacement of Synthetic Cryoprotectant with Carrot (Daucus carota) Concentrated Protein on Stability of Frozen Surimi

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of carrot concentrated protein (CCP) as additive on the functional and textural properties of surimi from striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) during six months of frozen storage (?20°C). The CCP (82.22% crude protein) was used as an additive either a lone or with a synthetic cryoprotectant (sucrose-sorbitol-sodium tri-polyphosphate). Control was made with synthetic cryoprotectant only. Molecular weight of CCP was found to be 36 kDa. After six months, the results revealed that up to 50% of synthetic cryoprotectants could be replaced by CCP during frozen storage of surimi. Biochemical parameters such as protein solubility, Ca²⁺ATPase activity, and gel strength decreased significantly (p < .05) during storage. Treatment T-3 (CCP 0.5% + 50% of synthetic cryoprotectant) maintained quality of protein significantly superior (p < .05) in respect to denaturation and other functional and sensory attributes compared to all the treatments. The microstructure images of surimi confirmed that addition of CCP modified the ice crystal growth during frozen storage. This study suggests that CCP can be a potential additive to protect protein from denaturation along with partial replacement of chemical cryoprotectants.     

黄颡鱼鲇爱德华氏菌的分离鉴定及其致病性研究

从患头顶溃疡症的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)内脏组织中分离出致病力强的菌株JZ086,对该菌进行了形态学、生理生化特性的测定,并进行了Biolog全自动微生物分析系统及16S rDNA序列鉴定。结果显示:人工感染实验证实该菌为黄颡鱼的病原菌,其半数致死量(LD50)为1.7×105CFU。Biolog全自动微生物分析系统鉴定结果显示该菌为鲇爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)。16S rDNA序列分析显示该菌与鲇爱德华氏菌的亲缘关系最近,同源性高达99%;系统进化树中与鲇爱德华氏菌(AB050826)自然聚为一支,二者遗传距离约为0.002。鉴定结果确认JZ086为鲇爱德华氏菌。药物敏感性试验结果显示,该菌对所测试的15种药物都敏感,其中对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、妥布霉素等尤其敏感。