Net depth response of a depth-controllable (towed) gillnet for fish sampling

SUMMARY: Flume-tank experiments were performed to examine the depth response of a new type of depth-controlled gillnet. Variations of net depth were investigated as the warp was paid out and wound up for different changes of warp length, main sinker weights, and winch speeds. In most experiments, when the warp finished paying out, the net continued to descend and then ascended slightly to an equilibrium depth (overshoot phenomenon). The overshoot distance was nearly constant when the warp was wound up and increased linearly with increasing winch speed when the warp was paid out. An increase in winch speed reduced net settling time, which converged on a constant value for both paying out and winding up.     

沙尘暴应急监测方法研究

在沙尘暴应急监测方法研究中,通过对总悬浮颗粒物采样仪器及各种采样参数的研究确定和降尘采样器的研制,制定出沙尘暴应急监测方法。     

当归茎线虫病田间分布型及抽样技术研究

为提高当归茎线虫病(Ditylenchus destructor)田间抽样的准确度,用7种聚集指标判断了当归茎线虫病的田间分布型.结果表明,当归茎线虫病在田间呈聚集分布,其中奈曼分布(核心分布)的适合率为100%,嵌纹分布(负二项分布)的适合率为77.8%.理论抽样数量约820株.4种抽样方法差异均不显著,在保证抽样数量合理的情况下,4种方法均可采用.     

Evaluation of sampling methods and assessment of the sample size to estimate the weed seedbank in soil, taking into account spatial variability

As field sampling is time consuming, it is necessary to develop efficient sampling techniques to obtain accurate estimates of the weed seedbank in soil. The relative efficiency between sampling schemes depends on the spatial variability in weed seed density across agricultural fields. Spatial variability of the weed seed density was characterized by theoretical correlograms. A systematic sampling (square grill) scheme was considered and it was found that, taking into account spatial variability, this sampling scheme was more efficient than simple random sampling. As a result, the sample size can be reduced in comparison with that given in previous studies, where spatial correlation was ignored. The reduction depends on the correlation structure defined as a function of the ratio, τ, between the nugget effect and the sill of the variogram. The maximum reduction of the sample size, without loss of either precision or confidence level corresponds to the case where there is no nugget effect, τ = 0. The opposite extreme case, where the reduction is nil, corresponds to the case of a pure nugget effect τ = 1. The abaci based on given expressions are provided to determine the sample size in species whose spatial pattern can be fitted either to a Poisson or to a negative binomial distribution.     

Heritability and genetic correlations between rumination time and production traits in Holstein dairy cows during different lactation phases

So far, rumination has been used as a proxy for monitoring dairy cow health at farm level. However, investigating its genetic aspects as well as its correlation with other important productive traits may turn this management tool into a new informative selection criterion. However, scientific evidences on genetic correlation among rumination time (RT) and milk production and milk composition are still scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the heritability of RT across three lactation phases and its genetic correlation with milk production, milk composition and somatic cell count (SCC). Results of our study showed that heritability for RT was 0.34 and was constant across lactation. The mean genetic correlations between RT and milk production and composition traits were 0.07 (milk production), ?0.07 (protein yield), ?0.31 (fat yield), and ?0.32 (fat/protein ratio). The mean genetic correlation between RT and the SCC was 0.05.     

序贯疗法治疗圈养黑猩猩支原体肺炎一例

肺炎支原体对于灵长类幼年黑猩猩的感染,与人类幼儿的临床表现和发病规律相似。该病例幼年黑猩猩早期症状偶见咳嗽,听诊肺部有湿性罗音,体温38.3℃。初步诊断为肺炎,用抗病毒药和抗生素头孢克洛治疗无效。随着病程发展,体温进一步升高到39℃以上,几乎无食欲。拍X光片和采血做支原体抗体检测,结果显示支原体感染强阳性。最终使用阿奇霉素采取＂停4喂3＂的序贯疗法治疗,即阿奇霉素输液3d——口服5d——停药4d——口服3d——停药4d——口服3d,其他则对症治疗。动物在治疗第7天时除偶见咳嗽,症状基本消除;治疗20d后,动物恢复健康。需要注意的是,治疗过程中一定要按照序贯疗法坚持用药治疗,防止疾病复发和减小用药的副作用。     

棉花烂铃空间格局及抽样技术研究

本文通过聚集度指标（如：Ｃ、Ｋ、Ｃ＿Ａ、Ｉ、Ｉ＿δ、）测定，以及Ｉｗａｏ’线性回归、Ｔａｙｌｏｒ’ｓＳ￣２一回归和格局纹理分析，结果表明，棉花烂铃空间格而在一切密度下都呈聚集型，且聚集强度随烂铃密度的升高而增加，其空间格局的基本成分是疏松的个体群，其大小约为２～５株棉花，平均约含２．８４个烂铃个体，且个体群内的个体呈随机分布，经μ检验和方差分析，双对角线５点式、棋盘式和平行跳跃式等３种取样方法均适用于棉花烂铃田间调查，尤以双对角线５点式为佳，用双对角线５点式应样法调查的最适抽样数：一般病情普查至少１０个样方（每样方系５株棉花），系统测报和科研调查为２０～３０个样方。最后给出了棉花烂铃平均密度的零频率简易估计模型。     

水库汛期分期方法研究及其应用

应用矢量统计法和相对频率法，基于年最大值取样以及超定量取样进行汛期分期计算，并与现有的方法进行比较研究。实例应用结果表明，这两种方法均可用于汛期的分期计算中，具有一定的实用价值。     

时序进气柴油机缸内分层与燃烧排放特征数值分析

缸内再循环废气(EGR)分布是发动机缸内EGR分层燃烧研究的重点与难点,由时序进气策略通过控制进气组分的充气时段来组织缸内EGR分层分布具有重要意义。以高压共轨重型柴油机为研究对象,采用CFD(Computation fluid dynamics)方法建立全参数数值仿真平台,研究不同时序进气组分经过进气及压缩过程后在缸内的分布特征及其对柴油机缸内燃烧及排放的影响。研究中以CO2代替EGR。研究结果表明,时序进气早期进气组分在气缸底部及燃烧室壁面附近分布较浓,后期进气则在气缸中心顶部分布较浓;时序进气能够获得显著的轴向分层分布;与均匀进气相比,缸内压力和温度偏低,燃烧滞后约0.7°CA,但放热率峰值偏高,NOx排放量降低51.2%,碳烟排放量降低13.4%。