小麦幼苗叶片活性氧清除能力对干旱胁迫的响应

研究了不同干旱胁迫方式,即间断干旱胁迫和持续干旱胁迫对小麦幼苗叶片活性氧清除能力的影响,测定了3种活性氧[羟自由基(.OH),过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2.-)]清除能力的变化。结果表明,正常生长小麦的叶片具有一定的清除活性氧(.OH,H2O2,O2.-)的能力;2种干旱方式均导致小麦.OH和O2.-清除能力上升,复水后仍维持在较高水平,2种干旱方式均导致小麦H2O2清除能力下降,复水后仍低于正常水平;根和叶对相同处理表现出不同的反应;与间断干旱比较,持续干旱处理使小麦表现出更强的活性氧清除能力,对小麦活性氧清除能力的影响较大且延续时间长,具有胁迫后效应。     

马鞭草科一些植物鲜叶提取物清除DPPH自由基活性的研究

用DPPH检测法对马鞭草科植物鲜叶提取物清除DPPH自由基的活性进行了比较,发现不同种植物鲜叶提取物清除自由基的活性有较大差异:其中假连翘、三对节、云南石梓的鲜叶提取物以总固物计的清除DPPH自由基的IC50值分别为6.343、4.757、4.233,有较大的开发植物抗氧化剂的潜力;柚木、黄素梅、苦郎树、黄毛豆腐柴的鲜叶提取物以总固物计的清除DPPH自由基的IC50值大于或接近2,也有一定的开发植物抗氧化剂的潜力;马缨丹清除DPPH自由基的IC50值大于1,有一定的清除自由基的能力;而蔓荆、冬红清除DPPH自由基的IC50值均较小,清除自由基能力较弱。     

不同提取方法对桦褐孔菌多糖抗氧化活性的影响

[目的]研究不同提取方法对桦褐孔菌多糖抗氧化活性的影响。[方法]采用水煮醇沉法和碱液醇沉法提取粗多糖;采用三氯乙酸法纯化水溶和碱溶粗多糖;采用羟基自由基清除试验和超氧阴离子自由基清除试验进行抗氧化活性对比研究。[结果]水溶粗多糖、碱溶粗多糖、水溶纯多糖、碱溶纯多糖的多糖得率分别为14.0%、27.7%、7.0%、6.2%。对羟基自由基的清除,水溶粗多糖在0.9 mg/ml时有最大清除率,为54.3%,碱溶纯多糖在0.06 mg/ml时有最大清除率,为10.9%;对超氧阴离子自由基的清除,水溶粗多糖在0.1mg/ml时有最大清除率,为24.2%,水溶纯多糖在0.07 mg/ml时有最大清除率,为27.2%。[结论]水溶多糖比碱溶多糖抗氧化能力强,桦褐孔菌可成为一种新的高效天然抗氧化药用真菌。     

Effect of season and location on the crop contents of local and improved scavenging hens in northern Vietnam

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of season (dry and rainy), location (lowland and highland villages) and breed (local and improved) on the amount and physical and chemical composition of the scavenged feed. This was done by crop content analysis of a total of 192 Ri (local) and 192 Luongphuong (LP, improved) hens at 20 weeks of age. The mean fresh weights of the crop contents were 16.9 and 33.3 g, for the dry and rainy seasons, respectively (p < 0.001), 24.3 and 25.9 g, for the Ri and LP breeds, respectively (p < 0.001), and 25.0 and 25.3 g, for the lowland and highland village, respectively (p > 0.05). The proportions of contents were human food leftovers 38.4% and 24.3%, grains 20.9% and 33.7%, insects and worms 9.6% and 11.2%, and green materials 8.8% and 13.8%, for the dry and rainy seasons, respectively (p < 0.05). The proportion of green materials was higher in the LP hens and highland villages, while the proportion of grains was higher in the Ri hens and lowland village (p < 0.05). The dry matter, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), total ash (Ash), calcium (Ca), phosphorus, and metabolizable energy (ME) contents were significantly higher for the rainy season (p < 0.01), and CP, Ash, Ca and ME were higher for the LP hens. The crude fibre content was higher in the dry season, and in the Ri hens and highland village (p < 0.001). The total and essential amino acid concentrations were significantly higher in the rainy season, and in the LP hens (p < 0.05), but were not different between locations (p > 0.05). Nutrient intakes from scavenging were estimated at between 20% and 30% of requirements.     

Mange in pigs: A survey

Extract

Mange in pigs caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis is reported to be common in New Zealand, but, to the writer's knowledge, no investigation has been made of the number of infested farms in any area.     

Local chicken production system in Malawi: Household flock structure,dynamics, management and health

Household flocks of scavenging chickens were monitored from August 2002 to August 2003 in 27 villages in Lilongwe, Malawi. The objective was to evaluate the local chicken production system by investigating flock structure, utilization, management and constraints. Farmers and researchers jointly obtained data on household flocks. Mean flock size was 12.9, with a range of 1–61 chickens. The flock dynamics of chickens over 8 weeks old constituted 91% migrating out of flocks and 9% into the flocks. Primary functions based on flock dynamics were, in order of importance, household consumption, participation in socio-cultural ceremonies, selling, exchanging breeding stock and gifts. Of the flock exits, 43.9% were due to losses from diseases, predation and theft. Most flocks (85%) were housed in human dwelling units. Scavenging was the main source of feed. The majority (77.6%) of farmers supplemented their chickens erratically with energy-rich feeds, mostly maize bran. Most supplementation took place during the cold-dry season. Village chicken production offers diverse functional outputs but faces animal health (diseases, parasites, predation) and management (feeding) constraints, which require an integrated intervention approach at community and household level.     

缢蛏蛋白肽制备工艺优化及其清除羟自由基作用

以缢蛏为试验材料,采用羟自由基清除率为评价指标,从胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶5种蛋白酶中筛选最适水解用酶,在单因素试验基础上使用响应面法优化酶解工艺条件,考察缢蛏蛋白肽的羟自由基清除能力并通过Sephadex G-15凝胶层析测定其分子质量分布。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶酶解制备的缢蛏蛋白肽清除羟自由基能力明显强于其他蛋白酶,优化后的碱性蛋白酶水解缢蛏蛋白工艺条件为底物浓度6mg/ml、加酶量3%、pH8.0、温度55℃、酶解时间4h,蛋白肽的羟自由基清除率为76.60%,IC50值为1.89mg/ml,蛋白肽中80%以上是分子质量小于1500Da的小分子肽。     

Free radical scavenging activity of three Equisetum species from Fruska gora mountain

The scavenger activities of Equisetum arvense, Equisetum ramosissimum and Equisetum telmateia aboveground parts phosphate buffer (pH 7) extracts were evaluated using three different methods: DPPH assay, ESR and NO radical inhibition assay. Total reducing power was determined by FRAP assay. The E. telmateia extract demonstrated the most relevant scavenger and antioxidant properties. ESR signal of DMPO-OH radical adducts in the presence of E. telmateia phosphate buffer (pH 7) extract was reduced to 98.9% which indicated that E. telmateia could be a useful source of antioxidants with huge scavenger ability.     

干旱胁迫对小麦幼苗活性氧清除能力的影响

研究不同干旱胁迫方式对小麦幼苗活性氧清除能力的影响,测定小麦对羟自由基(.OH),过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)的清除能力变化,分为间断干旱胁迫和持续干旱胁迫两种。结果表明:正常生长的小麦具有一定的清除活性氧(.OH,H2O2,O2-.)的能力;间断干旱胁迫和持续干旱胁迫都会对小麦活性氧清除能力造成影响,总体上是使活性氧清除能力上升,根和叶对相同处理表现出不同的反应;与间断干旱比较,持续干旱对小麦活性氧清除能力的影响较大且延续时间长,持续干旱处理使小麦表现出更强的活性氧清除能力;复水后,小麦活性氧清除能力表现出不同的变化。     

微波辅助提取啤酒酵母多糖及其抗氧化作用研究

[目的]研究微波辅助提取啤酒酵母多糖的最佳提取工艺及其抗氧化作用。[方法]以多糖提取率作为考察指标,采用单因素分析和正交试验对啤酒酵母多糖的提取工艺条件进行优化,并通过比色法研究其体外清除自由基的能力。[结果]啤酒酵母多糖最佳提取工艺条件为：微波时间10 min,微波功率540 W,浸润时间1 h,多糖得率为13.27%;酵母多糖具有清除自由基和超氧阴离子的能力,且其清除能力与多糖浓度呈明显的剂量关系,清除的50%的羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的多糖浓度分别为0.32和0.08 mg/ml。[结论]与常规水提取法相比,微波辅助提取法具有提取时间短、效率高、节约能源的优点;酵母多糖具有明显的抗氧化活性。