富硒麦芽对链尿佐菌素诱发糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

健康SD大鼠 72只随机分成 3组 ,正常对照组 (Ⅰ组 )和试验对照组 (Ⅱ组 )的饲料硒含量均为 0 1mg·kg-1;补富硒麦芽组 (Ⅲ组 )的饲料硒含量 0 3mg·kg-1。饲喂 5周后 ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组用链尿佐菌素 (streptozotocin ,STZ)按每千克体重 6 0mg的剂量腹腔注射诱发糖尿病 ,Ⅰ组仅注射等剂量的缓冲液。继续饲喂 4周后观察各组大鼠抗氧化功能及糖、脂代谢变化。试验结果表明 ,补饲富硒麦芽能显著提高糖尿病大鼠胰岛素水平 ,降低血糖浓度 ;显著提高正常大鼠全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)活性 ,延缓糖尿病大鼠GSH Px和血浆超氧化物歧化酶活性下降趋势 ,降低血清胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度。提示补充适量的富硒麦芽 ,可增强STZ致糖尿病大鼠的抗氧化能力 ,降低血糖 ,降低脂质过氧化作用 ,改善糖、脂的代谢状态     

新型降血糖中药方剂对STZ诱导小鼠糖尿病的影响

为获得糖尿病治疗的中药方剂,探讨由葛根、丹参、枳椇子组成的中药方剂对小鼠的抗糖尿病效应及潜在机制。利用链脲佐霉素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,以空腹血糖大于11mmol/L为建模成功。30只小鼠分为空白组(健康小鼠)、试验组(糖尿病小鼠)和阴性对照组(糖尿病小鼠),每天对试验组进行中药方剂水煎服给药,空白组和阴性对照组每天灌服同等剂量蒸馏水,对小鼠的肝脏和肾脏生理指标变化进行检测。结果表明:STZ诱导的糖尿病小鼠给予葛根、丹参及枳椇子中药方剂灌服7d,试验组与阴性对照组相比,其空腹血糖降低,体重回升,肝脏指标白蛋白(ALB)下降31.58%,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)下降57.43%,谷丙转氨酶(ALT)回升87.80%,谷草转氨酶(AST)下降51.72%,总蛋白(TP)下降31.94%。由葛根、丹参和枳椇子组成的中药方剂在浓度为1g/L时对糖尿病小鼠有显著的治疗效果。     

Anti-diabetic effects of emodin involved in the activation of PPARγ on high-fat diet-fed and low dose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Rheum palmatum Linn has been widely applied in the clinical treatment of diabetes mellitus. It has been found that emodin as the major bioactive component of R. palmatum L exhibits the competency to activate peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in vitro. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of emodin through the activation of PPARγ on high-fat diet-fed and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The diabetic mice were intraperitoneally injected with emodin for three weeks. No changes of food consumption and the body weight in emodin-treated mice were monitored daily during the entire experiment. At the end of experiment, the levels of blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum were significantly decreased after emodin treatment. However, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) concentration was significantly elevated. The glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in emodin-treated group were significantly improved. Furthermore, the results of quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that emodin significantly elevated the mRNA expression level of PPARγ and regulated the mRNA expressions of LPL, FAT/CD36, resistin and FABPs (ap2) in liver and adipocyte tissues. No effects on the mRNA expressions of PPARα and PPARα-target genes were observed. Taken together, the results suggested that the activation of PPARγ and the modulation of metabolism-related genes were likely involved in the anti-diabetic effects of emodin.     

诱发性东方田鼠糖尿病动物模型的初步研究

采用STZ常规方法，对封闭繁育的不同年龄组的东方田鼠进行了诱发性糖尿病动物模型的初步研究和观察。结果 STZ同样可以在其身上制作糖尿病模型，按常规刺量(50mg／kg)能使动物制模，而极端剂量(250mg／kg)太大，并在用药2～3天内，动物死亡。经病理组织学观察：见胰岛毛细血管扩张、充血、胰岛细胞减少，胰岛B细胞空泡变性；肝组织部分区域呈急性炎症病变特征，以渗出炎症细胞(主要为粒细胞)为主。用免疫组化检查P53基因表达情况，在成年组有2只东方田鼠P53基因表达呈阳性结果。说明STZ能促进细胞的分化与凋亡．抑制细胞的增殖。     

盐芥STZ转录因子基因的克隆及序列分析

【目的】克隆盐芥STZ转录因子基因,对其进行序列分析,为进一步研究ThSTZ转录因子在逆境应答中的作用奠定基础。【方法】利用GenBank数据库中盐芥STZ转录因子的EST序列设计特异引物,通过3′RACE技术克隆ThSTZ基因的全长序列,应用生物信息学手段对该基因编码蛋白的结构与功能、亚细胞定位等进行预测,并对其编码氨基酸序列的同源性和系统进化进行分析。【结果】盐芥STZ转录因子基因全长717 bp,编码238个氨基酸。其编码蛋白含有2个C2H2型锌指结构域,位于细胞核内,属于C2H2家族转录因子;多重序列比对和系统进化分析表明,盐芥STZ转录因子与拟南芥属植物同源蛋白的相似性最高。【结论】获得了ThSTZ转录因子基因的全长序列,为进一步探讨ThSTZ转录因子在逆境应答中的功能奠定了基础。     

人参二醇组皂苷的降糖作用研究

通过皮下注射肾上腺素和高脂饮食伴小剂量链尿菌素建立实验性高血糖模型,测定人参二醇组皂苷治疗性给药后动物的空腹血糖值及肝糖原含量。结果表明,人参二醇组皂苷50、100、200mg/kg对皮下注射肾上腺素所致的小鼠高血糖及舌下静脉注射链尿菌素引起的大鼠高血糖均有明显降低作用,并可提高肾上腺素所致高血糖小鼠的肝糖原含量,提示人参二醇组皂苷对实验性高血糖具有降低作用。     

蜜环菌多糖对糖尿病性白内障的防治作用研究(英文)

[目的]观察蜜环菌多糖(AMP-1)对大鼠糖尿病性白内障的防治作用。[方法]采用链尿佐菌素(STZ)联合完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)诱导大鼠糖尿病性白内障,裂隙灯观察各组晶体出现初次混浊的时间,比较晶体的混浊程度。比色法测定各组血清及晶体中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。[结果]裂隙灯检查结果显示蜜环菌多糖有明显的延缓糖尿病性白内障的发生,减轻晶体混浊程度的作用。与模型组比,AMP-1各剂量组均能明显降低大鼠血清中升高的MDA水平,中、高剂量组可升高血清中SOD、GSH-Px水平,且剂量与效果呈正相关。[结论]AMP-1对大鼠糖尿病性白内障具有显著的防治作用。     

不同剂量STZ与高脂饲料联合诱导糖尿病小鼠模型

探讨不同剂量链脲霉素(streptozotocin,STZ)联合高脂膳食建立2型糖尿病小鼠模型的效果。选择C57BL/6J小鼠,5周龄开始饲喂高脂饲料,持续10周,将膳食诱导的肥胖(dietinduced obesity,DIO)小鼠随机分为对照组及3个试验组[分别为试验组A(腹腔注射STZ 50mg/kg)、B(腹腔注射STZ 70mg/kg)、C(腹腔注射STZ 100mg/kg)],每组均为10只动物。试验组小鼠腹腔注射STZ后与对照组一起继续饲喂高脂2周。分别检测各组小鼠造模前后空腹血糖,胰岛素水平及成模后糖耐量。结果表明试验A、B、C 3组的成模率分别为70%、90%、100%,其血糖含量(分别为229.4±8.72、349.4±6.71、432.5±11.0 mg/dL)显著地高于对照组(168.7±4.18mg/dL);其血浆胰岛素含量(分别为1.83±0.288,0.659±0.058,0.438±0.023ng/mL)明显低于对照组(2.95±0.218ng/mL)。不同STZ剂量可诱导不同程度的糖尿病症状。     

丹参对链脲佐菌素糖尿病大鼠肝和肾组织结构的影响

[目的]观察丹参（Salvia miltiorvhiza Bunge）对链脲佐菌素（STZ）糖尿病模型大鼠肝、肾组织结构的影响,为临床预防和治疗糖尿病并发症提供参考。[方法]采用60mg/kg腹腔注射链脲佐菌素制备糖尿病大鼠模型,将符合糖尿病诊断标准的大鼠随机分为模型对照组15只和丹参治疗组15只,别设正常对照组20只。丹参治疗组灌胃丹参水煎液5ml/（kg.d）,模型对照组和正常对照组灌胃相当剂量的蒸馏水,试验期为28d。试验结束后将大鼠剖杀,取肝、肾组织,Bouin液固定,常规石蜡切片,HE染色,观察切片的组织结构。[结果]与正常对照组相比,大鼠肝脏肝细胞索、肝窦排列不规则,肝细胞肿大,轻度变形。模型对照组大鼠肾小球体积增大,血管球扩张,肾小囊囊腔变小,肾小管腔里充有不等量蛋白性物,肾小管上皮细胞有脱落现象。丹参水煎液治疗组大鼠肝、肾组织形态学改变程度较轻或接近正常。[结论]链脲佐菌素复制的糖尿病模型大鼠肝、肾组织结构有一定的变化,而丹参对模型大鼠肝、肾组织结构病变有缓解作用,可见丹参对糖尿病有一定的治疗作用。     

Comparative pharmacokinetics of baicalin in normal and the type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of the Radix scutellariae extract

Radix scutellariae was used alone or in combination with other medicinal herbs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China. At present, the pharmacokinetics of baicalin in type 2 diabetic rats following oral administration of Radix scutellariae extract was investigated. The results showed that the pharmacokinetics (especially AUC) of baicalin in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of Radix scutellariae extract was remarkably different from that in normal rats. Then the mechanism which resulted in the increased AUC of baicalin in diabetic rats was investigated from system clearance and presystemic metabolism. And it was found that the increased AUC of baicalin in diabetic rats at least partly resulted from higher production of baicalein in the intestinal tract of type 2 diabetic rats. Moreover, the activity of β-glucuronidase in intestinal mucosa of type 2 diabetic rats was demonstrated to be higher than that in normal rats, which confirmed the results above. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetic behavior of baicalin was significantly altered in type 2 diabetic rats after orally administrated Radix scutellariae extract, which may partly result from the increased activity of intestinal β-glucuronidase under the pathological state of type 2 diabetes mellitus.