Molecular characterization of Ascaridia galli from Bangladesh and development of a PCR method for distinguishing A. galli from Heterakis spp.

We analyzed the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS2 sequences for Bangladesh isolates of Ascaridia galli, and we determined that the sequences were unreliable as molecular markers for distinguishing A. galli from other Ascaridia species, because the sequences showed high identity with that of A. columbae. However, the ITS1 sequences were available for designing PCR primers distinguishable between Ascaridia galli and Heterakis spp. Bangladesh isolates of A. galli constituted a monophyletic clade along with other geographical isolates in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) phylogenetic tree, however, we could not clarify the phylogenetic relationships between A. galli and other Ascaridia spp., because their available sequences in GenBank were very few. The developed PCR method using DNA from A. galli and Heterakis spp. eggs would enable differential diagnosis of the individual infections in the future.     

Mineralization of Organic Nitrogen in Soils with Contrasting Fertility Was Regulated Differently by Addition of Biochar and Animal Manures

ABSTRACT

How to restore the soil fertility and productivity in a damaged and then reclaimed area with extremely low fertility is a big concern worldwide. To explore the method of soil restoration in the coal mining subsidence area, the effects of biochar application coupled with organic fertilizer (animal manures) on the process of organic nitrogen (N) mineralization were studied in a 149 days leaching experiment. Biochar were applied (wt/wt) at the rates of 0%, 1%, and 3%. Two organic fertilizers with different C/N ratio (chicken and sheep manures) were applied at the rate of 200 mg N·kg^?1 soil. A vegetable soil with high-fertility was used as the comparison. The results showed that when treated with chicken manure, the reclaimed soil had 11.13% lower mineralization potential and 20.00% lower inorganic nitrogen production from mineralization than the vegetable soil. Compared with the non-biochar treatment, biochar at both application rates decreased N leaching in chicken manure-treated reclaimed soil, i.e., by 21.49% (1% biochar) and 28.31% (3% biochar), respectively, whereas only high rate of biochar application decreased N leaching in chicken manure-treated vegetable soil by 8.10%. However, N leaching in sheep manure-treated reclaimed soil was unaffected by the biochar application. Thus, the effect of the biochar on the organic nitrogen mineralization was affected by both soil and organic fertilizer type.     

绵羊诱导细胞凋亡的DFF45样效应因子c基因(CIDEC)克隆及其在持续饥饿条件下阿勒泰羊尾脂组织中的差异表达

诱导细胞凋亡的DFF45样效应因子c(cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector c,CIDEC)与脂肪分化密切相关,具有促进脂肪沉积的作用.本研究利用PCR技术克隆了绵羊(Ovis aries) CIDEC基因,并对其序列进行生物信息学分析;采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测了该基因在绵羊主要组织中的表达;同时利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了持续饥饿与充足采食状态下阿勒泰羊尾脂CIDEC的差异表达情况.研究结果表明,获得了绵羊CIDEC基因的cDNA序列(GenBank登录号:KM199684),其中编码区(coding sequences,CDS)全长714 bp,编码237个氨基酸.经预测CIDEC蛋白存在多个磷酸化位点和蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点.半定量RT-PCR结果显示,CIDEC仅在阿勒泰羊脂肪组织中表达,其中在尾脂中高丰度表达,而在肠系膜脂肪中表达丰度较低.经过持续4周的完全禁食后,CIDEC在阿勒泰羊尾脂组织中表达急剧下降,表达量极显著低于正常充足采食状态(P＜0.01).表明该基因在阿勒泰羊尾脂沉积过程中具有一定的调控作用.研究结果为进一步揭示CIDEC基因在绵羊尾脂组织中的功能提供了参考资料.     

Use of differently enriched rotifers,Brachionus plicatilis,during larviculture of haddock,Melanogrammus aeglefinus: effects on early growth,survival and body lipid composition

We evaluated the effects of enriched rotifers on growth, survival and on the lipid composition of haddock larvae. The treatments tested were (1) AlgaMac 2000^®, (2) AquaGrow^® Advantage and (3) Pavlova sp. paste and AlgaMac 2000^®. The treatments did not influence larval growth rate throughout the experimental period (P = 0.70). Larvae from all treatments grew approximately 8% of their dry weight per day between 1 and 29 days post hatch (dph). Treatment 3 resulted in the best survival, estimated to be 3 on a scale from 0 to 5, whereas for the two other groups the survival estimates were 0 and 2. Rotifers from treatment 1 had low sterol concentrations, high eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio and their feeding resulted in high larval mortality. Rotifers enriched with Pavlova sp. had the lowest proportions of the sum of saturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and sum of ω3 and the highest proportions of the sum of monounsaturated fatty acids (ΣMUFA). This was partially reflected in larvae from treatment 3 in that they had the highest proportions of ΣMUFA and the lowest proportions of Σω3 (P < 0.0001 for both analyses). In addition, these larvae had the highest and lowest ΣC₂₀ and ΣC₂₂ polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) respectively (P < 0.0001 for both analyses). We suggest that more research with ω3 and ω6 PUFA can lead to improvements in the rearing of haddock larvae produced in hatcheries.     

农杆菌介导法获得大量转双价抗虫基因水稻植株

构建含Bt杀虫基因cryIA(c)和豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因CpTI的双价抗虫转基因载体PCAM-Bt-CpTI，并用于农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法对粳稻品系“浙大19”遗传转化，约2000块盾片愈伤组织与农杆菌共培养后，得到了约1300块潮霉素抗性愈伤，从中分化抗性再生苗约1500株，对不同抗性愈伤来源的70个T0代再生株进行PCR及PCR-Southern检测，62株为转cryLA(c)和CpTI双价抗虫基因植株，阳性植株比例为88.6%，抗虫鉴定表明，3个转基因T1代株系对二化螟有很高的毒性。     

Metabarcoding of feces and intestinal contents to determine carnivorous diets in red-crowned cranes in eastern Hokkaido,Japan

The red-crowned crane Grus japonensis in Hokkaido, Japan forms a closed population as a residence that is independent of the mainland population. Based on observations of a limited number of individuals as well as cranes in captivity, red-crowned cranes are omnivores and eat fish, worms, insects and plants in their own territories except in winter, when they are fed with dent corn that is supplied in eastern Hokkaido. DNA metabarcoding based on high throughput sequencing was carried out using universal primer sets for cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Feces from 27 chicks collected in June and July in the period from 2016 to 2018 and intestinal contents from 33 adult and subadult cranes that were found dead almost throughout year in 2006–2013 in the field in eastern Hokkaido were used. Although compositions varied considerably in the cranes, both insects and fish were found in adults and subadults to the same extents, while insects were predominant in chicks. Both insects and fish were detected in all seasons for adults and subadults. Horse flies, scarab beetles and weevils accounted for the most of the insects regardless of the life stage. Dace, stickleback, flatfish and sculpin were the major fish species in adults, while chicks ate almost only stickleback. The results provide the first comprehensive data on carnivorous diets in wild red-crowned cranes in eastern Hokkaido as basis for conservation of red-crowned cranes, for which the life style and area continue to change.     

用叶绿素荧光研究植物伤害信息的系统性传递

采用机械损伤和(Z)-3-已烯醛熏蒸的方法,借助于叶绿素荧光手段,研究了伤害信息在合作杨檀株体内的系统性传递.结果表明,伤害信息在植株体内的系统性传递是双向的,不同部位叶片Fv/Fm的异质性为伤害信息在植物体内的双向系统性传递提供了直观的证据.     

拟南芥VHA-c基因在非生物胁迫响应中的作用

利用RT-PCR技术检测VHA-c基因对高盐、水和ABA胁迫的响应,结果表明所有的VHA-c基因都参与了V-ATPase的抗盐胁迫反应;在响应水胁迫的反应中VHA-c2、VHA-c4和VHA-c5基因的表达量增加;在ABA胁迫反应中VHA-c1,VHA-c2,VHA-c3和VHA-c4基因的表达水平均提高,但是VHA-c1和VHA-c3基因只在早期的ABA胁迫中增加其表达量。