带有GFP的小鼠Sox2基因逆转录病毒载体的构建及其检测

为了建立体细胞重编程过程中检测Sox2基因表达变化的方法,本研究利用克隆获得的小鼠Sox2基因与逆转录病毒载体pMX—IRES—GFP连接,构建带有报告基因GFP的逆转录病毒载体,将其转染293GP细胞后获得假病毒上清。将获得假病毒上清侵染小鼠成纤维细胞（NIH3T3细胞）后观察GFP的表达和检测Sox2转录量的变化。其结果,成功构建带有GFP的Sox2基因逆转录病毒载体pMX—Sox2-IRES—GFP;将构建的载体转染后293细胞后获得能侵染NIH3T3细胞的假病毒上清,且与未侵染的NIH3T3细胞相比,侵染后的NIH3T3细胞的Sox2表达量提高近10倍。本研究为开展在体细胞重编程过程中Sox2表达与重编程效率的相关性提供依据．     

Detection and isolation of small ruminant lentivirus in the amniotic fluid of goats

The objective of this study was to verify the presence of small ruminant lentivirus in the amniotic fluid of goats using molecular tests and viral isolation by cocultivation in the amniotic fluid of naturally infected goats. The study analyzed eight goats: seven were small ruminant lentivirus-positive and one was negative. The amniotic fluid was collected from each of the eight animals during cesarean section at 147 days of pregnancy. Cocultivation was undertaken using secondary goat nictitating membrane cell cultures obtained by explant from a small ruminant lentivirus-negative calf followed by trypsinization and sub-cultivation of the cells for 63 days. During this period, five supernatant collections were performed for DNA extraction and subsequent nested polymerase chain reaction. DNA was extracted from the amniotic fluid after 3 h of cellular sedimentation, from which a sample of 600 μL was taken from the sediment and another 600 μL sample from the supernatant. After DNA extraction, nested polymerase chain reaction was performed. Of the eight goats, 62.5 % (05/08) were small ruminant lentivirus-positive, with 43.75 % (07/16) of the total samples positive when considering the two repetitions (supernatant and cell sediment). Moreover, positivity was confirmed by small ruminant lentivirus pro-viral DNA amplification in the cell supernatant throughout the cocultivation period. Small ruminant lentivirus were present in the amniotic fluid samples from the naturally infected goats indicating an intrauterine transmission route. Moreover, this biological fluid can be adopted for the diagnosis of these lentiviruse because it is an important risk factor related to intrauterine transmission.     

How molecular methods change our views of FeLV infection and vaccination

FeLV was discovered 40 years ago and vaccines have been commercially available for almost two decades. So far, most FeLV pathogenesis and vaccine studies were conducted assaying parameters, such as virus isolation and antigen detection. Accordingly, regressive infection was characterized by transient or undetectable viremia, while persistent viremia is typically observed in cats with progressive infection. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, the spectrum of host response categories to FeLV infection was recently refined by investigating proviral and plasma viral RNA loads. Cats believed to be immune to FeLV infection were found to turn provirus-positive after virus exposure. Moreover, efficacious FeLV vaccines were found unable to prevent provirus-integration and minimal viral replication. Remarkably, no difference was found in initial proviral and plasma viral RNA loads between cats with different infection outcomes. Only subsequently, the infection outcome is associated with FeLV loads. FeLV provirus was found to persist for years; reoccurrence of viremia and disease development was observed in some cats. Thus, aviremic provirus-positive cats are FeLV carriers and, following reactivation, may act as an infection source. However, integrated viral DNA may also be essential for solid protection and long-lasting maintenance of protective immunity. In conclusion, real-time TaqMan PCR and RT-PCR assays are highly sensitive and specific. They yield a more sensitive measure for FeLV exposure than antigen detection, virus isolation or immunofluoresence assays. We recommend the use of real-time PCR assays to identify FeLV exposed cats, particularly in catteries, and investigate obscure clinical cases that may be FeLV-associated. The use of sensitive molecular methods will contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the FeLV pathogenesis.     

Real-time PCR investigation of feline leukemia virus proviral and viral RNA loads in leukocyte subsets

Cats exposed to feline leukemia virus (FeLV), a naturally occurring gammaretrovirus develop either progressive or regressive infection. Recent studies using analyses with enhanced sensitivity have correlated loads throughout FeLV with the clinical outcome, though remarkably, during the acute phase of infection, proviral and viral RNA burdens in the peripheral blood do not differ between groups. We hypothesized that viral loads in specific leukocyte subsets influence the infection outcome. Using a method established to determine the proviral and cell-associated viral RNA loads in specific leukocyte subsets, we evaluated viral loads in eleven FeLV-exposed specific pathogen-free (SPF) cats 2.5 years post-infection. Six cats had undergone regressive infection whereas five were persistently viremic. Aviremic cats had lower total proviral blood loads than the persistently infected cats and FeLV proviral DNA was shown to be integrated into genomic DNA in four out of four animals. Lymphocytes were predominantly infected vs. moncytes and granulocytes in aviremic cats. In contrast, persistently viremic cats were provirus-positive in all leukocyte subsets. The acute phase kinetics of FeLV infection were analyzed in two additional cats; an early lymphoreticular phase with productive infection in lymphocytes in both cats and in monocytes in one cat was followed by infection of the granulocytes; both cats became persistently infected. These results indicate that FeLV persistent viremia is associated with secondary viremia of bone marrow origin, whereas regressive cats only sustain a non-productive infection in low numbers of lymphocytes.     

禽流感病毒NP cDNA反义逆转录病毒载体的构建及重组病毒的鉴定

根据反义ＲＮＡ作用原理,以禽流感病毒（ＡＩＶ）Ｈ１４Ｎ５　ｃＤＮＡ全长及５’端２３５个ｂｐ为目的基因,反向插入反转录病毒载体 ｐＬＸＳＮ中,命名为 ｐＬＸＳＮ－ＮＰ及 ｐＬＸＳＮ－ＮＰ,用脂质体包裹重组质粒转染包装细胞 ＰＡ３１７,Ｇ４１８筛选抗性克性,扩增单个克隆后提取包装细胞上清的病毒ＲＮＡ（ｖＲＮＡ）,以巢式ＰＣＲ方法检测,以及用包装细胞上清（重组病毒）感染滴定细胞系ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３,表明已筛选出产毒的的克隆细胞质,得到重组逆转录病毒,为反义ＲＮＡ抑制禽流感病毒复制的实验研究奠定了物质基础。     

利用半定量PCR方法分析中国地方猪种内源病毒序列拷贝数的多态性

研究采用PCR方法检测了我国地方猪种内源病毒的拷贝数 ,希望能够找到拷贝数低或无内源病毒的个体或品种 ,培育一个适用于异种器官移植的品种或品系。共检测了 1 1个品种、2 60个个体 ,贵州猪、五指山猪、巴马猪的内源病毒拷贝数相对较低 ,分别为 34 61± 1 9 0 9、2 9 1 9± 1 3 47和 2 7 1 1± 1 4 46 ,膜蛋白A拷贝数分别为 9 33±6 40、1 0 0 4± 6 51和 1 0 56± 5 39,膜蛋白B拷贝数分别为 2 2 1 7± 9 2 0、2 1 0 0± 1 2 53和 2 1 86± 7 2 0。其他如二花脸猪、梅山猪、沂蒙黑猪、蓝塘猪等基因拷贝数相对较高 ;近交有造成内源病毒基因的拷贝数下降的倾向 ;另外民猪和香猪中分别有一头个体含有内源病毒 2个拷贝、膜蛋白A两个拷贝、膜蛋白B一个拷贝。中国地方猪种中内源病毒的拷贝数间差异较大 ,如进行大规模检测 ,可找到内源病毒基因拷贝数低或无内源病毒基因的个体     

逆转录病毒法制备转基因鸡的方法分析

随着生物制药业的迅速发展,转基因鸡已逐渐成为生物领域研究的热点之一。为建立和优化逆转录病毒法制备转基因鸡技术平台,以pHIT-Myc3为载体,以增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)为标记基因,采用共转染法包装泛嗜性VSV-G假逆转录病毒,浓缩后分别体外侵染鸡胚胎成肌细胞和体内胚盘下腔接种新生种蛋并孵化出雏。分别抽提成肌细胞、孵化5d的全胚和新生雏鸡不同脏器的基因组DNA进行PCR鉴定分析,结果分别在细胞和5d全胚胎及新生雏鸡的胸腺和皮肤中检测到了标记基因EGFP的存在,表明逆转录病毒法成功制备出转基因鸡,同时转基因鸡技术平台中的方法技术条件也得到了有效优化,为转基因鸡的进一步研究提供参考。     

反义RNA介导的抗猪传染性胃肠炎病毒感染

构建了重组逆转录病毒表达质粒plxas-N,该质粒能表达互补猪传染性胃肠炎病毒N基因全长的反义RNA序列。用质脂体方法将重组质粒plxas-N转染至PA317细胞中,经抗生素G418(500μg/ml)筛选出稳定的产毒细胞克隆。分别扩大培养细胞克隆,取其上清液感染小鼠成纤维细胞NIH3T3,测定细胞克隆产生的重组病毒滴度,并用高滴度重组病毒感染IBRS2细胞。提取被感染的IBRS2细胞的总RNA,RT-PCR证明plxas-N整合到IBRS2细胞基因组。通过TGEV分别感染IBRS2和IBRS2抗性细胞产生的病变,结果表明该反义RNA对病毒的复制有抑制作用,其抑制率近50%。