基于RV指数的道路对黄河三角洲地区土地利用的影响——以东营市为例

道路的大规模建设对生态系统的影响巨大,影响着居民点的分布格局和周围土地利用的变化,对生态过程产生直接或间接的影响。本研究以东营市为研究区,通过对表示道路网络干扰强度的RV（Roadless Volume）指数进行分析计算,对比分析了不同道路影响等级分区内各土地利用类型面积的变化情况。结果表明：不同道路影响等级下滩涂和湿地的面积随等级的增加而减少,其中从1级到2级下降的幅度最大;草地、水域和盐碱地的面积随影响等级的升高,总体呈下降趋势,且降幅十分明显;耕地的面积从总体来看也呈减少趋势,但幅度相比以上生态用地而言并不十分强烈;建设用地的面积随道路影响等级的增加有上升趋势。通过以上分析说明,道路网络的不断扩展对区域土地利用的影响显著,其中对生态用地的干扰尤为明显。     

PEDV、TGEV、RV多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为了快速准确诊断猪流行性腹泻病毒 (PEDV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒 (TGEV)、猪轮状病毒(RV)引起的猪腹泻病,通过设计三对引物,建立了扩增PEDV、TGEV、RV的多重RT-PCR方法,用于临床上大量腹泻病料的鉴定。该方法特异敏感,能同时检测PEDV、TGEV、RV,而对猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪伪狂犬病毒、猪圆环病毒2型病毒、乙型脑炎病毒、猪细小病毒等无扩增,检测的抗原稀释极限为107。用于35个猪场120份临床样品的检测,PEDV阳性率占37.5%,TGEV阳性率占0.75%,RV阳性率占1.25%。PEDV阳性病料测序结果分析表明,与近几年分离毒株亲缘关系较近,与经典毒株和疫苗株亲缘关系较远。结果表明建立的多重PCR方法特异性强、敏感度高,能用于临床诊断及流行病学调查。     

Sensitivity and specificity of different methods for the isolation of Salmonella from pigs.

Three different selective enrichment media, Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth (RV), selenite broth (SB) and Müller-Kauffmann tetrathionate broth (MKTB), in combination with plating on modified brilliant green agar (BGA), were compared for the isolation of Salmonella from samples of pig feces. These conventional methods were also compared with a new ELISA kit in conjunction with RV and SB enrichment. Of the conventional methods, enrichment in RV had a higher sensitivity and selectivity than SB and MKTB. Recovery of S. typhimurium from MKTB was significantly poorer than recovery of other serotypes. The combination of RV enrichment and ELISA was as good as the conventional method involving RV enrichment, with a similar high sensitivity and specificity.     

几种检测兎轮状病毒抗原方法的比较(节选)

本文应用间接ELISA法、直接ELISA、对流免疫电泳(CIEP)法和琼脂扩散(ID)法检查了腹泻死亡兔的肠内容物样品32份,从中检测出兔轮状病毒抗原,其检出率分别为50%、43.75%、28.13%。和15.63%。各法的检出率和符合率有明显差异。比较试验表明,检测兔轮状病毒抗原的四种方法各有优缺点。其中,以间接ELISA法较为敏感,以CIEP法较为快速和适用。     

狂犬病病毒SRV9克隆株核蛋白基因的克隆、表达与特性分析

根据已发表的狂犬病病毒核蛋白基因序列，设计并合成了一对引物，从SAD株驯化的SRV9。蚀斑株中提取病毒RNA，通过RT-PCR扩增出核蛋白的全长cDNA序列，测序结果显示，其序列与国外报道的SAD母源株序列一致。将核蛋白的cDNA克隆至原核表达载体pET-28b( )中，转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）plyss，于30℃1mmol/LIPTG条件下诱导表达，大肠杆菌菌体裂解产物经SDS-PAGE分析，在分子量约为56kDa处出现一新的蛋白带。和预期的目的蛋白分子量相符，Western-blotting检测表明，表达产物能与狂犬病病毒阳性血清发生特异性反应，出现单一反应带，扫描分析显示，表达产物占菌体总蛋白的23%，包涵体分离，纯化后，纯度达89%，上述结果为核蛋白在狂犬病基因免疫和免疫检测中的进一步应用奠定了基础。     

Activation of PKCalpha and pulmonary vascular remodelling in broilers

OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to examine the presence of protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) in the pulmonary arterioles of broilers during the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodelling. METHOD: One hundred and sixty day-old Avian-2000 broilers were divided equally into a control group and a cold temperature group. All the birds were reared in normal temperatures up to day 14, with the lighting schedule at 24 h per day. Thereafter, birds in the cold temperature group were subjected to low temperature by lowering 1-2 degrees C per day to 12-14 degrees C, and then kept constant until day 49, while birds in the control group were still brooded at normal temperatures. All the birds were fed a diet of pellets throughout the study. Samples of blood were taken from the wing vein, and of heart and lung collected after the birds were killed with an overdose of sodium pentobarbitial, at days 24, 32, 39 and 45 of age, respectively. Right ventricle to total ventricle ratio (RV/TV) and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured. Vessel wall area to vessel total area ratio (WA/TA) and mean media thickness in pulmonary arterioles (mMTPA) was examined using computer-image analytic software. Expression of PKC in pulmonary muscular arterioles was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantified by measuring optical density (OD) using computer-image analytic software. RESULTS: The incidence of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) was 12.5% in birds exposed to cold, and 3.75% in the control group (P<0.05). PCV in the cold temperature group was elevated after day 32 (P<0.05), and RV/TV ratio increased on day 45 (P<0.05). Both the WA/TA and mMTPA of birds subjected to cold were significantly elevated (P<0.05). The OD values were not significantly increased before day 32 (P>0.05), however, one week later (at day 39 of age), the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05). The increased PKCalpha expression was positively correlated with the values of mMTPA and WA/TA. CONCLUSION: PKCalpha expression was up-regulated during the development of pulmonary hypertension. The activation of PKCalpha might be involved in the development of pulmonary vascular remodelling.     

抗狂犬病病毒ERA株单克隆抗体的制备、鉴定及初步应用

将狂犬病病毒ERA株纯化后免疫雌性BALB／c小鼠。取其脾细胞与SP2／0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合，经克隆和间接ELISA筛选，获得3株稳定分泌抗狂犬病病毒ERA株单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，分别命名为c7、c4和H3。经过鉴定：其腹水效价分别为1：1×10^3、1：5×10^4及1：1×10^4；且与犬瘟热病毒（CDV）、犬细小病毒（CPV）、犬腺病毒（CAV）不发生交叉反应；3株单抗均为IgG类型。采用G蛋白亲和层析柱对腹水进行纯化，将纯化后的单抗腹水用FITC（异硫氰酸荧光素）标记制备荧光抗体，建立了检测狂犬病病毒的荧光染色法。结果表明，该方法对狂犬病的实验室诊断具有快速和特异性高的特点。     

猫爪草体外抗结核作用研究

[目的]观察3种猫爪草的醇提物及猫爪草各不同极性部位对标准结核菌株和耐药菌株的体外抑菌效果。[方法]采用绝对浓度法,进行3种猫爪草70%乙醇提取物和猫爪草醇提物经萃取分离得到的4个极性不同部位对结核分支杆菌(H37RV)和耐药菌株的药物敏感试验。[结果]3种猫爪草(4 mg/ml)对标准菌株和耐药菌株均有抑菌作用,且石油醚萃取部位抑菌浓度最低为2 mg/ml。[结论]猫爪草具有明显的体外抗耐药结核作用,以石油醚萃取部位抑菌效果最佳。     

深圳地区动物肉源沙门菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

在改进沙门菌分离方法的基础上,分离并鉴定深圳市动物肉源沙门菌,并进行耐药性分析。结果:采集自深圳地区的1 055个动物肉源样品的沙门菌总阳性率为21. 04%,其中:鸡肉(28. 71%)>猪肉(24. 95%)>牛肉(15. 00%)>虾肉(2. 82%)。基于最小抑菌浓度(MIC)测定去除重复的耐药表型,得到370株非重复沙门菌株;其中的75. 2%多重耐药,53株(14. 10%)表现ACSSuT^R耐药表型。经血清型鉴定,得到38种血清型及327株确定血清型的沙门菌,优势血清型包括Derby、1,4,[5],12: i: -、Rissen、Agona和8,20: z23,z4: -。在分离动物肉源沙门菌的过程中,四硫酸盐肉汤(TT)相比于氯化镁孔雀绿肉汤(RV)更有效。本研究表明,深圳地区动物肉源样品中,沙门菌分离率鸡肉和猪肉高于牛肉和虾肉,血清型以Derby、1,4,[5],12: i: -、Rissen、Agona和8,20: z23,z4: -为主,且多重耐药比例较高。     

用口蹄疫灭活苗稀释伪狂犬病、猪瘟活疫苗混合免疫效果评价

为综合评价疫苗混合免疫效果,采用猪口蹄疫OA二价灭活疫苗(Re-O/MAY98/JSCZ/2013株+Re-A/WH/09株)稀释伪狂犬病和猪瘟活疫苗,通过比较疫苗黏度、抗原含量,免疫前后口蹄疫、伪狂犬病和猪瘟抗体水平等方法进行效果评价。结果显示3种疫苗混合后对剂型、黏度、抗原含量无显著影响,混合免疫组与分别免疫对照组相比口蹄疫、伪狂犬病、猪瘟抗体均无差异,综合效果评价推荐采用混合免疫。