氟甲砜霉素对鸭疫里氏杆菌病的药效学研究

以试管二倍稀释法测定了氟甲砜霉素、氯霉素、红霉素、林可霉素、SMZ、氟哌酸对鸭疫里氏杆菌的体外最小抑菌浓度88.1为1μg/mL、2μg/mL、4μg/mL、32μg/mL、64μg/mL、8μg/mL。180只健康本地麻鸭分成6组,每组30只,除1组作健康对照外,其它5组按2.5mL/kg.bw皮下注射鸭疫里氏杆菌培养物(3.8×109cfu/mL)。感染鸭用氟甲砜霉素内服治疗,给药剂量分别为30mg/kg、20mg/kg、10mg/kg,以氯霉素作对照(30mg/kg),1d1次,连续用药3d,给药结束15d后,各治疗组的治愈率为93.3%,90.0%,80.7%和82.1%,感染对照组死亡率为56.7%。     

尼勒克县春小麦田杂草调查及防治策略

运用倒置“W”9点取样法对新疆尼勒克县春小麦田杂草调查结果表明:尼勒克县春小麦田杂草有15种,隶属11个科,其中豆科4种,菊科2种,禾本科、十字花科、旋花科、唇形花科、蓼科、藜科、木贼科、桑科、紫草科各1种。其中块茎香豌豆、野燕麦和苦苣菜几种杂草的相对多度分别为54.9%、52.3%和46%,为优势种群。根据其杂草分布特点,采取农业、物理机械及化学防治措施,能有效控制草害发生与危害。     

Leukocyte differentiation antigens in canine cutaneous and oral plasmacytomas

Seventeen cutaneous and oral tumours with light microscopic features of plasmacytomas from 16 dogs were studied. Clinically, most neoplasms were benign, although three recurred after excision and three were locally invasive. Tumours most often arose on the pinnae, digits, gingiva, and inguinal regions near areas of chronic inflammation and exhibited variable degrees of plasmacytic differentiation microscopically. Diagnosis of plasmacytoma was confirmed in paraffin-embedded tissues with a panel of leukocyte differentiation antigen markers that included cross-reactive antibodies for Mb-1 (CD79a), CD3, and vimentin and canine-specific antibodies for CD45RA and CD18. Immunoreactivity for Mb-1 and CD45RA, including staining of multinucleate cells and cells with karyomegaly, confirmed a B-cell origin of neoplasms, while staining for CD3 and CD18 revealed an extensive network of infiltrative T-cells and dendritic cells in tumours suggestive of a directed immune response. These findings (i) demonstrate the value of using a panel of antibodies for leukocyte antigens to differentiate plasmacytomas from other cutaneous and oral round cell tumours, and (ii) suggest that immune recognition and responsiveness within tumours may play a role in the behaviour of plasmacytomas in dogs by affecting tumour cell growth and differentiation.     

Nutrient Deficiency Affects Root Architecture of Young Seedlings of Malus hupehensis （Pamp） Rehd. Under Conditions of Artificial Medium Cultivation

What the researchers go in for is to establish models between root architecture （RA） changes and nutrition, mold ideal root architecture of apple trees, improve the nutrient uptake efficiency, and further explore the functional mechanism of nutrient elements during the course of RA construction. The cultivation system of filter paper is utilized to research the effect of nutrient deficiency on the RA of Malus hupehensis （Pamp.） Rehd. There may be eight types of RA. In complete Hogland solution, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂. With the lack of P, K or Ca, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper region primary root＂, and the ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂ types of RA decrease. But with shortage of P, the type of lateral roots clustering in the upper and lower regions of primary root increases, and the type of lateral roots clustering in the middle region of primary root decreases, with the types of RA diversified. Under the condition of K deficiency, the type of no lateral root increases and types of lateral roots clustering in the middle region of primary root decrease, and the percentage of such types as ＂no lateral root＂, ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper region of primary root＂, and ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂ accounts for 97.9% in all, with the types of RA simplified. With lack of Fe, Mg or Zn, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂, but the type of lateral roots evenly-distributed on primary root increases. The main type of RA is ＂lateral roots evenlydistributed on primary root＂, under the condition of N deficiency, and the types of RA turn out to be diversified. There exists a close relation between nutrient deficiency and RA changes. Owing to various forms of nutrient deficiency, correspondingly different types of RA have been produced.     

福建省鸭疫里默氏菌血清流行病学调查

1999年3月-2000年12月，从福建省103个肉鸭场采集具有典型三炎（心包炎、肝周炎和气囊炎）的病（死）鸭肝脏116份，共分离到细菌107株，细菌的分离率为92.2%，其中鸭疫里默氏菌84侏，占78.5%；大肠杆菌23株，占21.5%。在分离鉴定的84株RA中，血清1型占25.0%，2型占60.7%%，13型占1.2%，未定型占13.1%。可见我国目前流行的鸭疫里默氏菌其血清型已发生了明显变化，2型和1型已成为主要流行的血清型，其中2型为优势血清型，此为省内首次报道。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌-大肠杆菌二联灭活疫苗的研制

从河北某肉鸭场的发病鸭中分离出鸭疫里氏杆菌（Riemerella.anatipestifer，RA）BJ-D-1株，对该菌株采用液体培养、固体培养及鸡坯培养等三种不同方法进行增菌培养，然后与大肠杆菌O1、O2、O78株及河北地方大肠杆菌流行株等的浓缩菌液以一定比例混合，制成油乳剂灭活苗。皮下免疫7日龄雏鸭0.5mL/只。在河北某发病肉鸭场及周围肉鸭场进行田间试验，效果良好。     

自家苗治疗连城白鸭浆膜炎的效果研究

选择刚死亡且具有典型鸭传染性浆膜炎病变的病死鸭,无菌采集其肝组织,对疑似鸭疫里默氏杆菌进行分离鉴定,证明确为鸭疫里默氏杆菌,然后将该菌株扩增培养,通过甲醛灭活,再经无菌试验和安全性试验验证,制成安全的自家苗,随后对自家苗作临床效力试验,结果证明该苗具有较好的免疫防治效果,适合在当地推广使用。     

鸭疫里默氏菌基因分型

在鸭疫里默氏菌 (RA)血清分型的基础上 ,以提取的 RA基因组 DNA为模板 ,进行 Rep- PCR扩增。根据扩增产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳图谱 ,将分属于 8个血清型的 4 0株 RA区分为 12个不同的基因型 ,不同血清型 RA的图谱有明显差异 ,相同血清型 RA的图谱也存在差异。这些结果显示 ,RA基因组中重复的基因外的回文结构可用于区别相同血清型的不同分离株 ;Rep- PCR作为一种实用的分子生物学方法 ,在分子流行病学研究中可对 RA分离株进行基因定型     

1型鸭疫里默氏菌3种不同佐剂灭活疫苗的比较

分别研制1型鸭疫里默氏菌（RA）灭活铝胶疫苗、RA灭活蜂胶疫苗和RA灭活油乳剂疫苗,并从副作用和免疫保护率等方面对比3种疫苗作了比较。结果表明,灭活油乳剂疫苗免疫保护率最高,免疫后9d保护率达83.3%,14d为92.8%－100％,24d时仍为100％;其次是灭活蜂胶疫苗,灭活铝胶疫苗最差,但副作用则从铝胶疫苗、蜂胶疫苗、油乳剂疫苗依次增强,对于同一种疫苗,颈部皮下注射的副作用明显小于腿部肌肉注射,因此,建议选择油乳剂疫苗以颈部皮下注射途径免疫接种雏鸭,即可获得较长时间的保护。     

PCR法快速检测鸭疫里氏杆菌的研究

根据Gen-Bank中25株鸭疫里氏杆菌(RA)的外膜蛋白A(OmpA)基因序列,在其高度保守区设计了一对特异性引物,成功地建立了鸭疫里氏杆菌的快速、准确PCR检测方法。RA参考菌株J04(2型)、J07(JX1型)均能扩增出67lbp的特异性目的条带,而对鸭源大肠杆菌、鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌、鸭源沙门氏菌、鸭源葡萄球菌的扩增结果均为阴性。PCR产物经EcoRI酶切鉴定得494bp和177bp两个预期条带。最低检出基因组DNA浓度为800fg。用全菌体进行PCR时,本实验室分离鉴定的60株RA均能够扩增出特异性目的条带。25份临床疑似病例的分离菌株的PCR扩增阳性率与生化鉴定率完全一致。该方法表明能从痫料组织培养8h的混合菌群中快速、准确地检测到RA,可用于RA的快速诊断和流行病学调查。