丙酮酸盐对牛精液冷冻效果的影响

在常用的果糖-柠檬酸钠-卵黄-甘油液的基础上,分别添加1.25 mmol/L或2.00mmol/L的丙酮酸钾、丙酮酸钠或丙酮酸钙,以观察丙酮酸盐在牛精液冷冻中的应用效果。冷冻前各组稀释液隔15min分2次加入,之后平衡4h。结果表明,各组精子的冻后活力、复苏率、畸形率和顶体完整率之间没有显著差异,但6个试验组的冻后活力、复苏率和对照组相比有提高趋势。     

家稗丙酮酸磷酸双激酶序列分析及三维结构建模

【研究目的】目前已从许多种植物中克隆了其PPDK基因,但是对于其蛋白结构的分析尚未报道,此文通过生物信息学方法对家稗PPDK的序列进行了分析,并对其三维结构进行了建模分析;【研究方法】利用DNASTAR、Vector NTI 9、SignalP等生物信息学平台对[Echinochloa crusgalli var frumentacea(Roxb.)W.F.Wight]丙酮酸磷酸双激酶(Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase)进行了序列分析和三维结构建模;【研究结果】家稗丙酮酸磷酸双激酶(PPDK)同来自于高等植物的PPDK具有较高的同源性,无信号肽,存在17个跨膜结构区,二级结构是由许多螺旋、转角和少量折叠构成。同时在一二级结构分析的基础上,利用同源建模的方法完成了三维结构的建模。【结论】家稗PPDK蛋白同来自高等植物中的更为相近,无信号肽,有17个跨膜结构区,其三维结构为一同源四聚体。     

Metabolism of energy substrates of in vitro and in vivo derived embryos from ewes synchronized and super ovulated with norgestomet and porcine follicle stimulating hormone

The synchronization and ovulatory responses of Sangsari cross bred ewes and metabolism of energy substrates in 8-cell stage embryos to hatched blastocysts stage produced in vitro or in vivo were investigated. Ewes were assigned randomly to receive 37.5 IU of porcine follicle stimulating hormone (FSH-P) daily for the 3 days preceding implant removal (Day 0). Synchronization of estrus was carried out using a 1.5 mg norgestomet (Crestar) ear implant for 12 days. Ewes in estrus were mated two to three times with rams of proven fertility. At the time of first mating each ewe was administered 1000 IU of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) to induce ovulation. Surgical embryo recovery was performed on Days 4 and 6 after onset of estrus (Day 0) and recovered embryos were subjected to comparative metabolism studies with in vitro derived embryos at the same stage of development. The number of corpora lutea (CL), unovulated follicles and overall ovarian activity were recorded for each ewe during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. While the pattern of oxidation was similar among in vitro and in vivo derived embryos, a low pyruvate to lactate ratio was the preferred substrate of embryos derived in vitro. A high level of production of CO2 and lactate resulted from a stress response to the suboptimal culture environment. The first marked increase in the metabolism of glucose by ovine embryos was detected in compact morula stage, but there was no significant increase in the oxidation of glucose after the morula stage. Two different concentrations of glucose were compared, but this did not affect metabolism. However, the rate of incorporation and metabolism of glucose tended to be higher at the 0.56 mmol/L glucose dosage.     

家蚕微孢子虫丙酮酸激酶基因的克隆与表达特征分析

丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase,PK)在糖酵解最后一步起着不可逆的作用,可以催化磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸将高能磷酸基团转移给ADP生成ATP和丙酮酸。通过在NCBI和家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis)数据库中对丙酮酸激酶基因的比对分析,选择家蚕微孢子虫丙酮酸激酶M2亚型的一个基因(NbPK-2,GenBank登录号EOB11679.1)进行克隆。生物信息学分析显示,该基因序列长度为1 359 bp,包含一个完整的开放阅读框,编码452个氨基酸,预测蛋白质等电点为7.13,相对分子质量为51.7 kD,没有信号肽;NbPK-2蛋白的二级结构预测显示其含有38%的螺旋、21%的延伸片段和40%无规则卷曲。通过qRT-PCR检测感染微孢子虫后家蚕不同发育时期的NbPK-2表达水平,发现该基因在感染后24 h内处于相对较高的表达水平,而此后表达水平开始降低,至144 h达到最低值,在168 h又有所升高。研究结果可促进对家蚕微孢子虫糖酵解途径的研究,为家蚕微粒子病的防控奠定理论基础。     

丙酮酸激酶在高等植物中的作用

介绍了丙酮酸激酶的活性及同工酶,阐述了丙酮酸激酶的代谢调控,分析了丙酮酸激酶缺失对植物的影响,并检索了水稻丙酮酶激酶基因。     

水稻丙酮酸激酶基因OsPK1的过表达转基因株系的获得与鉴定

利用农杆菌介导的转化方法研究OsPK1过表达对水稻的影响。将CaMV 35S启动子驱动的OsPK1的全长CDS序列导入到日本晴基因组中。选择3个过表达转基因系作为代表进行鉴定和分析。结果显示,过表达植株在株高、分蘖数、穗长和千粒重四方面接近野生型水稻,结实率略下降,但每穗饱满种子数明显增加。通过定量RT-PCR分析,发现有4个代谢酶在过表达植株嫩叶中表达存在着上调或下调。用GC-MS方法检测糖含量,显示OsPK1过表达株系中葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖和蔗糖的含量与野生型差异不大。总之,对OsPK1过表达株系的鉴定,有助于更好了解OsPK1的功能,并且每穗饱满种子数明显增加具潜在的应用价值。     

低能N+离子注入对酿酒酵母乙醇发酵活性的影响

[目的]研究低能N^＋离子注入对酿酒酵母乙醇发酵活性的影响。[方法]选取scerevisiaeAS2．399作为受体菌,经过不同剂量的低能N^＋离子注入后,确定最佳的注入参数,并研究离子注入对S．cerevisiae AS2．399乙醇发酵效率以及对乙醇发酵关键酶表达的影响。[结果]酿酒酵母As2．399在N^＋注入剂量为10×10^15 ions／cm^2条件下的存活率约为25％,传代培养后菌株发酵乙醇的产率约为0．42g/g（达到理论产率的84％）,相比于原始菌株有微弱提升,而与乙醇发酵相关的丙酮酸脱羧酶和乙醇脱氢酶酶活值分别达到0．53和2．47μmol／ml·min,大于原始菌株的相应酶活。[结论]该研究结果可为采用低能离子注入技术对酿酒酵母改良,以拓宽其利用底物的广度和提高发酵乙醇的效率奠定基础。     

小麦丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶(PDK)的互作蛋白增殖细胞核抗原(TaPCNA)对小孢子发育周期的调节

目前对于植物体中丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶(pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase,PDK)的研究,除了解其参与调节线粒体丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体的活性外,对其他调控机制尚不清楚.本实验室的前期研究结果表明,小麦丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶(TaPDK)在小麦(Triticum aestivum)遗传型不育系和相应的生理型不育系中的表达是不一致的.为进一步研究SQ-1诱导的小麦花药败育过程中调控TaPDK的作用因子,本研究采用酵母双杂交方法筛选小麦TaPDK的互作蛋白.将含有pGBKT7-PDK质粒的酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)菌株Y2HGold与文库酵母菌株Y187共同融合培养,在SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp平板上划线培养,挑选直径大于2mm的克隆,在SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp/AbA/X-α-Gal平板上划线,筛选蓝色克隆.其中,筛选得到一个新的结合蛋白,该蛋白被命名为增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,TaPCNA).将花粉细胞的核复制分裂与TaPCNA的定量表达结合分析发现,TaPCNA在不育系与可育系的叶片中几乎不表达,但在花粉发育的各个时期中呈现高表达,尤其在生理型不育系花药中的表达量显著高于遗传型不育系和可育系,这表明在生理型不育系中,TaPCNA与小孢子的细胞周期发育更加密切相关.这为进一步研究生理型不育小孢子异常发育的细胞周期提供了基础资料.     

Deletions in the pyruvate pathway of Salmonella Typhimurium alter SPIl-mediated gene expression and infectivity

Background： Salmonella enter/ca serovar Typhimurium is a major foodborne pathogen worldwide. S. Typhimurium encodes type III secretion systems via Salmonella pathogenicity islands （SPI）, producing the major effector proteins of virulence. Previously, we identified two genes of Salmonella pyruvate metabolism that were up-regulated during chicken cell infection： pyruvate formate lyase I （pf/B） and b/functional acetaldehyde-CoA/alcohol dehydrogenase （adhE）. We were therefore interested in examining the role these genes may play in the transmission of Salmonella to humans. Methods： Mutant strains of Salmonella with single gene deletions for pflB and adhE were created. Invasion and growth in human HCT-8 intestinal epithelial cells and THP-1 macrophages was examined. Quantitative PCR was performed on 19 SPI-1 genes. Results： In HCT-8 cells, both mutant strains had significantly higher intracellular counts than the wild-type from 4 to 48 h post-infection. Various SPI-1 genes in the mutants were up-regulated over the wild-type as early as 1 h and lasting until 24 h post-infection. In THP-1 cells, no significant difference in internal Salmonella counts was observed; however, SPI-1 genes were largely down-regulated in the mutants during the time-course of infection. We also found five SPI-1 genes - hilA, hiIC hill）, sicP and rtsA - which were up-regulated in at least one of the mutant strains in log-phase broth cultures alone. We have therefore identified a set of SPI-1 virulence genes whose regulation is effected by the central metabolism of Salmonella.     

Effect of abnormal expression of PDK4 on glycolysis and proliferation in prostate cancer cells

AIM To investigate the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 （PDK4） in prostate cancer tissue and its effect on glycolysis and growth of prostate cancer cells. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to compare the expression differences of PDK4 protein in benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） and prostate cancer tissues. The expression levels of PDK4 in normal prostatic epithelial cells （RWPE-1） and different prostate cancer cell lines （PC3, LNCaP, DU145 and C4-2） were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Recombinant plasmid carrying PDK4-shRNA was constructed, and the expression of PDK4 in prostate cancer PC3 cells was down-regulated by transfection with PDK4-shRNA. The changes in glycolysis level of PC3 cells before and after transfection were determined by cell glycolysis kit, and the effects of PDK4 on the viability and cell cycle distribution of PC3 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS In prostate cancer tissues, the expression level of PDK4 protein was significantly higher than that in BPH tissues （P<0.05）, and the analysis of immunohistochemical score showed that prostate cancer tissues with high Gleason score displayed significantly higher PDK4 expression than those with low Gleason score （P<0.05）. Compared with normal prostatic epithelial cells, RT-qPCR and Western blot results indicated that the expression level of PDK4 was also significantly increased in prostate cancer cell lines （P<0.05）. In addition, CCK-8 assay results showed that the viability of prostate cancer PC3 cells was significantly decreased after knockdown of PDK4 expression （P<0.05）. The results of flow cytometry demonstrated that knockdown of PDK4 expression in PC3 cells resulted in a notable increase in G₀/G₁ phase arrest （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION PDK4 is highly expressed in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines, and significantly increases in prostate cancer with high Gleason score. In addition, down-regulation of PDK4 expression significantly inhibits glycolysis and growth of prostate cancer cells, resulting in cell cycle arrest at G₀/G₁ phase.