光照条件对偏花报春生长的影响

报春属植物因其较高的观赏性,是我国重要的园林花卉之一。偏花报春是报春属植物中极具园林应用潜力的野生花卉。在引种过程中,研究光照对其生长的影响是重要内容之一,研究结果表明：就本地区日光强度变化和偏花报春的生长量及开花情况来看,不适合在全光照条件下生长,有遮荫的条件要明显好于全光照条件。     

Production of inter-section hybrids between Primula filchnerae and P. sinensis through ovule culture

Inter-section hybrids were obtained in the reciprocal crosses between Primula filchnerae (2n = 2x = 24) of Sect. Pinnatae and P. sinensis ‘Fanfare’ (2n = 2x = 24) of Sect. Auganthus by rescuing ovules on half-strength (1/2) Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 50 g l⁻¹ sucrose, 2.5 g l⁻¹ gellan gum, 0.1 mg l⁻¹ α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.1 mg l⁻¹ 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 50 mg l⁻¹ gibberellic acid (GA₃). In ovule culture, germination occurred with radicle elongation but no plumule was observed. The radicle kept on the initial medium showed root proliferation with callus formation. When the calluses were transferred to (1/2)MS media containing 30 g l⁻¹ sucrose and 3 g l⁻¹ gellan gum, without plant growth regulators (PGRs) or with 1 mg l⁻¹ zeatin and 0.1 mg l⁻¹ NAA, plantlets were regenerated. The plants thus obtained were confirmed to be hybrids through flow cytometry (FCM) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. The hybrid obtained when P. filchnerae was used as the maternal parent was diploid, whereas hexaploid hybrid was obtained when using P. sinensis as the maternal parent. The hexaploid hybrid might be produced through chromosome doubling of a triploid originated from the fertilization of P. sinensis with unreduced pollen of P. filchnerae.     

光照条件对小报春生长及光合特性的影响

小报春Primulaforbesii是一种观赏价值高,生态适应性强,具有园林应用潜力的野生花卉.在将其引种后应用于园林的过程中,特别对其引种后在不同光照条件下的生长情况及光合特性进行了研究分析.结果表明:1)在大气CO2浓度下,光强是影响小报春光合作用的关键因子;2)小报春的光补偿点在26.18～43.10μmol·m-2s-1之间,饱和点低于1400μmol·m-2s-1;3)小报春植株有一定的耐荫性,不适合在强阳光直射的地方生长,种植应用时应给予一定的侧方遮荫.     

不同培养基质及条件对三种报春花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

在不同培养基质及条件下对海仙花报春(Primula poissonii Franch.)、香海仙报春(Primula wilsonii Dunn)、多脉报春(Primula polyneura Franch)的种子萌发及幼苗生长进行了研究.结果表明,上述3种报春花的种子萌发情况是多脉报春＞香海仙＞海仙花报春.在四种不同的培养基中,MS及N6培养基对报春花种子萌发及幼苗生长比改良WPM、Miller培养基好.不同糖浓度及pH4.5～6.5对报春花种子萌发及幼苗生长无明显影响.GA处理能缩短报春花种子萌发时间.人工气候箱条件下报春花种子萌发及幼苗生长比在培养室的条件下更好.光照对种子萌发有促进作用,但当光照强度增强时,又会使报春花的幼苗叶片白化,产生光抑制,造成幼苗的死亡.在遭受光胁迫时,海仙花报春比多脉报春有较强的适应性.     

UV-B辐射对云南报春花叶绿素含量变化的影响

通过对布置于云南省普洱、勐腊、华坪、丽江和昆明5地区的报春花叶绿素含量进行研究,分析了低纬高原地区UV-B辐射对报春花叶绿素含量变化的影响。研究表明,云南报春花chla与chlb含量的时空变化趋势总体上是一致的。叶绿素总量与chla含量在时空变化上具有正相关关系,其中chla对UV-B最敏感、chlb次之、类胡萝卜素最小。UV-B辐射强度与叶绿素总量的关系大体上呈负相关关系,但华坪、丽江、勐腊三地有部分例外。除不同地区的纬度、海拔有别外,由于该研究在室外进行,报春花生长中所受到的影响也是多种多样的。     

扁核木光合特性的研究

用Li-6400光合作用测定系统对扁核木的光合特性进行了测定。结果表明：扁核木叶片光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,最高峰分别出现在10：00和15：00,有明显的光合“午休”现象;叶片蒸腾速率和气孔导度的日变化趋势与光合速率相似,呈双峰曲线。光合速率与气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈极显著正相关;影响光合作用的主导环境因子为光合有效辐射和相对湿度。扁核木光合作用的光饱和点和补偿点分别为1020μLmol·m^-2·s^-1和23．8μLmol·m^-2·s^-1,表观量子效率为0．0569;CO2饱和点和补偿点分别为1330μLmol·mol^-1和54．7μLmol·mol^-1,羧化效率为0．0724;光合作用最适温是24．9℃。扁核木净光合速率的季节性变化也呈双峰曲线。     

Coppice management effects on experimentally established populations of three herbaceous layer woodland species

Traditional coppice management creates a temporal release of resources. We determined how this affected three herbaceous species (Cardamine pratensis, Primula elatior and Geum urbanum) and if it was suitable for their conservation within woodland given their differing phenologies and habitat affinities for woodland.Reproductive adults were transplanted and their fate, i.e. survival and counts of leafs and flowers, plus the fate of their progeny, were monitored for three years following cutting of coppice shoots (three light levels) or yearly autumn mowing.Cardamine pratensis and P. elatior produced more flowers with increasing light availability. Mowing increased flower and leaf production with time for P. elatior. Seedling numbers followed a similar trend. Geum urbanum initially produced more flowers with increasing light and when mown, but the effect disappeared and did not increase seedling numbers. Its basal leaves showed the opposite pattern. Population growth rates (λ), calculated for P. elatior and G. urbanum, confirmed the strong treatment effects on the former and the absence of effects on the latter. Yet, decomposition of treatment effects, showed considerable flexibility in life history of G. urbanum, except for contributions of fecundity. The latter, however, contributed most to positive effects on λ for P. elatior.Early flowering species with an affinity for open habitats (C. pratensis > P. elatior) benefited more from temporal resource release than the later flowering, typical woodland species. Coppice management thereby maintains both typical forest herbs and herbs with affinity for more open habitats. This is an important conservation tool especially in intensively managed landscapes.     

两种球花报春的生长特性研究初报

以两种球花报春植物滇北球花报春、滇海水仙花为材料,初步研究了两种报春的生长发育特性。结果表明,两种球花报春播种后不同生长期的株高、冠幅均呈先升后降的趋势;而叶数变化趋势不同,滇北球花报春的叶片数量先升后降,滇海水仙花的则持续增长;滇北球花报春需经过冬季低温后于次年3~4月开花,而滇海水仙花当年12月即能开花;滇海水仙花在开花的同时进行匍匐茎无性繁殖方式。     

不同基质对岩生报春盆花生长发育的影响

为改善岩生报春盆花栽培株型、减少无土栽培对草炭的依赖,该试验以椰糠、珍珠岩及蛭石为基质材料,探讨不同基质配比对岩生报春生长发育的影响。结果表明,株高、冠幅、叶片数、生长量、叶绿素含量等指标,对不同基质的响应不一致;结合综合评分法,发现椰糠/珍珠岩/蛭石体积比为1∶1∶2和2∶1∶2两种基质配方的各种理化指标均在无土栽培基质的理想范围内,用其栽培的岩生报春生长健壮、叶色浓绿、开花品质好,生长发育综合评价指数优于对照组,可作为岩生报春无土栽培的代用基质。     

报春花属传粉生物学研究进展

简单概述了传粉生物学的概况及主要研究内容,综述了国内外关于报春花属传粉生物学的研究进展,主要包括生殖特性研究进展、繁育系统研究进展及传粉机制研究进展。