一株猪细小病毒7群的鉴定和分离

猪细小病毒7群(Porcine parvovirus 7,PPV-7)是2016年首次从美国猪群发现和鉴定的新的猪细小病毒。为弄清我国猪群中是否存在PPV-7,本文用PPV-7特异性的实时荧光定量PCR和常规PCR方法对采集的10份猪流产胎儿和10份保育仔猪病料分别进行检测,结果发现其中1份保育仔猪样品的常规PCR和实时荧光定量PCR检测结果均为阳性,常规PCR扩增出的246 bp特异性条带测序和分子遗传演化时发现,该序列与PPV-7参考毒株KU5637332和KY996757的同源性分别为99.6%和98.0%,表明该样品中含有PPV-7,进一步用PK-15细胞分离病毒,连续传代5次后PK-15细胞都没有出现典型的细胞病变,但其上清液用实时荧光定量PCR方法都可以检测到该病毒。本研究结果证实我国猪群中存在PPV-7的感染,且检测到的PPV-7毒株能在PK15细胞中增殖。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分子生物学研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征是目前养猪业中一种严重的病毒性传染病,引起猪严重繁殖障碍和呼吸道疾病。该病的病原体属于动脉炎病毒属,是一种不分节段的单股正链RNA病毒,含有8 个开放阅读框(ORFs),ORF1 编码非结构蛋白,ORF2~ORF7 编码结构蛋白。其中ORF7 编码的核衣壳(N)蛋白和ORF6编码的非糖基化基质(M)蛋白为优势结构蛋白。猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒基因组存在广泛的遗传变异性,M蛋白和N蛋白在所有的毒株之间相对比较保守,可作为血清学诊断的靶抗原。文章就猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒在分子生物学方面的研究情况做作一综述。     

Porcine circovirus type 2 decreases the infection and replication of attenuated classical swine fever virus in porcine alveolar macrophages

Recently, it has been noted that porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection adversely affects the protective efficacy of Lapinized Philippines Coronel (LPC) vaccine, an attenuated strain of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), in pigs. In order to investigate the possible mechanisms of the PCV2-derived interference, an in vitro model was established to study the interaction of LPC virus (LPCV) and PCV2 in porcine alveolar macrophages (AMs). The results showed that PCV2 reduced the LPCV infection in AMs and the levels of PCV2-derived interference were dose-dependent. The PCV2-derived interference also reduced the replication level of LPCV in AMs. The full-length PCV2 DNA and its fragment DNA C9 CpG-ODN were involved in the reduction of LPCV infection in AMs, whereas UV-inactivated PCV2 was not. In addition, a moderate negative correlation between the LPCV antigen-containing rate and IFN-γ production was observed, and had a dose-dependent trend with the level of PCV2-inoculation. The results of the present study may partially explain how PCV2 infection interferes with the efficacy of LPC vaccine.     

Cell-free extract from porcine induced pluripotent stem cells can affect porcine somatic cell nuclear reprogramming

Pretreatment of somatic cells with undifferentiated cell extracts, such as embryonic stem cells and mammalian oocytes, is an attractive alternative method for reprogramming control. The properties of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are similar to those of embryonic stem cells; however, no studies have reported somatic cell nuclear reprogramming using iPSC extracts. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of porcine iPSC extracts treatment on porcine ear fibroblasts and early development of porcine cloned embryos produced from porcine ear skin fibroblasts pretreated with the porcine iPSC extracts. The Chariot^TM reagent system was used to deliver the iPSC extracts into cultured porcine ear skin fibroblasts. The iPSC extracts-treated cells (iPSC-treated cells) were cultured for 3 days and used for analyzing histone modification and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Compared to the results for nontreated cells, the trimethylation status of histone H3 lysine residue 9 (H3K9) in the iPSC-treated cells significantly decreased. The expression of Jmjd2b, the H3K9 trimethylation-specific demethylase gene, significantly increased in the iPSC-treated cells; conversely, the expression of the proapoptotic genes, Bax and p53, significantly decreased. When the iPSC-treated cells were transferred into enucleated porcine oocytes, no differences were observed in blastocyst development and total cell number in blastocysts compared with the results for control cells. However, H3K9 trimethylation of pronuclear-stage-cloned embryos significantly decreased in the iPSC-treated cells. Additionally, Bax and p53 gene expression in the blastocysts was significantly lower in iPSC-treated cells than in control cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that an extracts of porcine iPSCs can affect histone modification and gene expression in porcine ear skin fibroblasts and cloned embryos.     

基于Cap蛋白研制的猪圆环病毒2型疫苗研究进展

猪圆环病毒相关疾病(PCVAD)是危害世界养猪业的主要疫病之一,主要由猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)引起。该病毒可引起感染猪免疫系统的破坏,造成严重的免疫抑制,继而引发多种病毒/细菌的混合感染与继发感染,给世界养猪业造成了巨大经济损失。近年来疫苗免疫接种是防控PCVAD的有效手段,由于衣壳蛋白(capside,Cap)是PCV-2的主要免疫保护性抗原,因此常被用作研制PCV-2基因工程疫苗的理想靶抗原。论文就PCV-2Cap蛋白基因工程疫苗的研究进展进行综述,以期为今后PCV-2新型疫苗的研究提供参考。     

猪圆环病毒病的特点

在最近几年中,养猪业遇到了越来越多的疾病,药物使用量显著增加,也使养殖场主、养殖户和兽医师感到非常的困惑。目前已经证实,猪圆环病毒病(Porcine Circovirus diaease,PCVD)在世界上广泛存在。可以引起断奶仔猪助多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)、猪皮炎-肾病综合征(Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome,PDNS)和猪呼吸系统疾病症候群,给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。同时这一疾病常常与其他病毒或细菌性疾病发生混合感染,给猪病的防控带来了极大的困难。本文就猪圆环病毒病的某些特点作一简要论述。     

荧光定量PCR检测2型猪圆环病毒方法的建立

通过克隆2型猪圆环病毒（PCV2）的开放阅读框2（0RF2）基因编码其核衣壳蛋白（Cap）的一段靶序列,构建重组质粒作为标准阳性模板.根据GenBank中的靶序列设计一对引物和一条TaqMan探针.对PCR反应条件优化后,对构建的标准阳性模板定量,然后1 0＆#215;倍比稀释进行荧光定量PCR（qPCR）扩增并制作标准曲线,初步建立了PCV2检测的qPCR方法.结果表明,该方法检测灵敏度可达1.0＆#215;102拷贝/μ L,线性范围为101 ～ 109,达9个数量级,并且具有很好的特异性.对起始浓度为1.0＆#215;108、1.0＆#215; 106、1.0＆#215;104拷贝/μL的标准品的最终实际测得CT均值分别为12.77、19.72和26.89;变异系数分别为0.25％、0.10％和0.13％,均小于1％,说明此方法具有良好的准确性和重复性.     

猪卵泡液抑制素的分离及其生物活性和免疫活性研究

利用ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２００和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００二次层析分馏,以标准猪抑制素蛋白和抑制素α－亚单位作参照,结合紫外扫描,分离猪卵泡液抑制素,并测定各组分对ＨＣＧ诱导的小白鼠生殖器官发育及输卵管水肿抑制的影响和对补体溶血活性的抑制效果,证明可以分离得到生物活性和免疫活性较高的抑制素蛋白组分,其方法较简便,可用于猪卵泡液抑制素的一般制备。     

三种猪Ⅰ型干扰素基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank中收录的三种猪Ⅰ型干扰素（porcine interferon,pIFN）基因序列,设计了3对特异性引物。运用RT—PCR技术从长白猪外周血淋巴细胞总RNA中扩增得到了三种猪干扰素基因,并将其克隆至pGEM-T Easy载体上。序列测定结果显示,获得的猪干扰素α1基因序列全长570bp,编码189个氨基酸,获得的猪干扰素α2基因序列全长540bp,编码179个氨基酸,获得的猪干扰素β基因序列全长563bp,编码186个氨基酸。三种猪Ⅰ型干扰素基因与已知猪Ⅰ型干扰素核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列的相似性最高可达99％～100％。