Kiss-1基因在猪初情期下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴中的定位研究

[目的]为阐明猪的生殖机理和选育早熟品种奠定基础。[方法]采用免疫组化技术研究Kiss-1 mRNA在初生以及30、60、70(初情期)和90日龄小梅山猪的下丘脑、卵巢和垂体内的定位,并利用放射免疫分析(RIA)方法观察母猪血浆LH、FSH含量的变化。[结果]Kiss-1 mRNA在小梅山猪下丘脑、卵巢、垂体中均有表达,以下丘脑弓状核阳性颗粒最多,尤其初情期时最为明显。各级卵泡中以初情期成熟卵泡的阳性颗粒数目最多。Kis-s1 mRNA表达量在小梅山猪下丘脑、垂体和卵巢从初生到初情期逐渐上升,并在初情期达到顶峰,而后逐渐下降。小梅山猪血浆LH、FSH浓度初生时较高,随后迅速下降,60日龄又升高,70日龄达到峰值。[结论]Kiss-1基因是控制猪初情期启动的关键因子     

生长激素释放肽的研究进展

生长素释放肽（GHRPs）依据蛋氨酸-亮氨酸脑啡肽（met-enkephalin）的结构于20世纪70年代末首次合成以来,人们又陆续合成了数种类型的GHRPs,虽然其结构已远不同于met-enkephalin的结构,但均可强烈刺激生长素（GH）分泌。GHRPs在动物体内具有促进GH 释放、刺激动物食欲、促进动物生长、提高动物生产性能和免疫水平等多方面的功能。     

Effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide on cardiac remodeling in coronary atherosclerotic rabbits

AIM:To study the intervention effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on cardiac remodeling during the development of rabbit coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS:60 male New Zealand rabbits were equally divided into 3 groups randomly: control group (C group), atherosclerosis model group (A group) and PACAP intervention group (P group). At the 4th, 8th and 12th week, 5-6 cases of rabbits in each group were sacrificed, cardiac tissue with coronary arteries were harvested to make paraffin sections. The sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and van Gieson separately. The qualitative observation and/or quantitative analysis were made by light microscope. RESULTS:（1）There was no lesion in C group. For A group and P group, there were plaques in large epicardial coronary arteries and small coronary arteries; an impressive accumulation of collagen was also observed in myocardium. In P group, the lesions of small coronary arteries were less serious, and the degrees of perivascular and myocardial fibrosis also appeared to be less.（2）For A group, the wall-to-lumen ratios in small coronary arteries were significantly greater at the 12th week (2.58±1.54) than C group (1.34±0.58) and P group (1.39±0.48) （P<0.05）； and the width of cardiomyocyte (13.85 μm±2.27 μm) was already remarkably narrower than C group (14.68 μm±2.40 μm) at the 8th week (P<0.05) and narrower significantly than C group and P group at the 12th week. （3）There were not difference significantly between the above-related parameters of P group and C group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:Structure changes exist in coronary arteries and myocardium during the development of rabbit coronary atherosclerosis, PACAP can inhibit the cardiac remodeling.     

牙鲆脑垂体早期发育的组织学观察

垂体作为鱼类最重要的内分泌器官之一,在生长、发育、生殖以及其他一些内分泌相关生理活动中起重要作用。作者采用组织学方法观察了牙鲆的脑垂体发生,对不同发育时期的腺垂体细胞进行了初步鉴定。结果表明,孵化后1d仔鱼的间脑下方可见一实心细胞团,于孵化后3d迁移至间脑后方的漏斗体下,与来自漏斗体的神经内分泌细胞及其神经纤维结合共同形成脑垂体,前者形成腺垂体,后者则主要形成神经垂体。孵化后8d腺垂体分为中间部(Pars intermedia,PI)和外侧部(Pars distalis,PD)两部分。孵化后14d腺垂体分化为前外侧部(Rostral pars distalis,RPD)、中外侧部(Proximal pars distalis,PPD)和PI共3部分,为"前后型"脑垂体。稚鱼变态期间及变态完成后的幼鱼,各部分从"前后型"排列开始向"背腹型"排列转变。孵化后14d的牙鲆仔鱼中,PPD细胞多呈强嗜酸性,至变态完成后一直是PPD的主要细胞;PI靠近神经纤维的细胞呈强嗜碱性。孵化后42d的牙鲆幼鱼RPD中,与神经垂体相邻的少量细胞呈嗜碱性,而其下方细胞则呈嗜酸性。根据成体牙鲆激素分泌细胞的染色特征对上述各细胞类型进行了推测。     

Adenohypophyseal function in bitches treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on canine adenohypophyseal function. Five Beagle bitches were treated with MPA (10mg/kg, every 4 weeks) and their adenohypophyseal function was assessed in a combined adenohypophyseal function test. Four hypophysiotropic hormones (CRH, GHRH, GnRH, and TRH) were administered before and 2, 5, 8, and 11 months after the start of MPA treatment, and blood samples for determination of the plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, GH, IGF-1, LH, FSH, prolactin, alpha-MSH, and TSH were collected at -15, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 min after suprapituitary stimulation. MPA successfully prevented the occurrence of estrus, ovulation, and a subsequent luteal phase. MPA treatment did not affect basal and GnRH-induced plasma LH concentrations. The basal plasma FSH concentration was significantly higher at 2 months after the start of MPA treatment than before or at 5, 8, and 11 months after the start of treatment. The maximal FSH increment and the AUC for FSH after suprapituitary stimulation were significantly higher before treatment than at 5, 8, and 11 months of MPA treatment. Differences in mean basal plasma GH concentrations before and during treatment were not significant, but MPA treatment resulted in significantly elevated basal plasma IGF-1 concentrations at 8 and 11 months. MPA treatment did not affect basal and stimulated plasma ACTH concentrations, with the exception of a decreased AUC for ACTH at 11 months. In contrast, the maximal cortisol increment and the AUC for cortisol after suprapituitary stimulation were significantly lower during MPA treatment than prior to treatment. MPA treatment did not affect basal plasma concentrations of prolactin, TSH, and alpha-MSH, with the exception of slightly increased basal plasma TSH concentrations at 8 months of treatment. MPA treatment did not affect TRH-induced plasma concentrations of prolactin and TSH. In conclusion, the effects of chronic MPA treatment on adenohypophyseal function included increased FSH secretion, unaffected LH secretion, activation of the mammary GH-induced IGF-I secretion, slightly activated TSH secretion, suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and unaffected secretion of prolactin and alpha-MSH.