粉红女士苹果品质特性分析评价

观察测定了粉红女士苹果成熟采收时和常温贮藏后果实的外观、抗性、果实硬度、总酸、可溶性固形物、维生素C、蒸腾失水率、出汁率、果汁密度以及果汁性状;全面分析评价了该品种的外在、内在、贮藏品质和果汁加工特性。结果表明,粉红女士苹果是一个综合性状优良、耐贮藏的鲜食、果汁加工兼用型苹果新品种。     

乳腺中脂肪细胞的转化和更迭

雌性动物的乳腺组织是由胚胎时期的外胚层发育而来,出生时只有少量导管和皮下基质结构,而后在性成熟、妊娠和泌乳期乳腺发育达到峰值,这一特点使乳腺成为出生后唯一可以重复再生的器官。在乳腺发育到退化的循环中,乳腺的上皮细胞、基质白色脂肪细胞、棕色脂肪细胞和肌上皮细胞经历了一系列转化和更迭,脂肪细胞的动态转化反映了乳腺的功能变化。研究乳腺细胞的转化和更迭与母畜的泌乳直接相关,对延续母畜的生产效率有重要意义。本文就乳腺中脂肪细胞转化方面的最新研究进展进行综述,为深度揭示乳腺发育过程中细胞更迭的机制提供前沿研究信息。     

Hybrid detection and characterization of Curcuma spp. using sequence characterized DNA markers

The tropical flower Curcuma alismatifolia of the family Zingiberaceae is widely valued as a cut flower and potted plant due to its range of vibrant colors and large long-lasting inflorescences. Much of this diversity has been cultivated through extensive hybridization of wild varieties since hybrids often exhibit dramatic phenotypic differences from the parents. This phenotypic diversity though has led to difficulties identifying and classifying the relatedness of Curcuma varieties particularly between hybrids. One Curcuma variety called ‘Patumma’ is of particular importance since it has strong stalks, large symmetric inflorescences, is moderately resistant to fungal blight, has a high yield, and has been used to produce numerous high quality hybrids. Since Patumma is one of the key Curcuma varieties from which many hybrid crosses and induced mutation varieties were developed, we chose it as a target to be characterized using a molecular marker. Starting with a set of 11 unique decamer primers, polymorphic bands ranging from 100 to 2500 base pairs were used to examine 20 Curcuma varieties from which banding patterns of interest were selected for conversion to the more reproducible and robust sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. In particular, one SCAR marker amplified a region 600 bp in length which was conserved in all Patumma varieties and hybrids and as an independent test did not amplify an additional series of 24 distinct Curcuma varieties. Since new varieties of Curcuma are often dissimilar from their progenitors, this genomic analysis allows a cost-effective morphologically independent characterization of Curcuma hybrids.     

Integrated management approaches for pink bollworm in the southwestern United States

The pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is the key pest in cotton (Gossypium spp.) production areas in the southwestern United States and in many other cotton-producing areas of the world. The high costs of chemical control, continuing economic losses, secondary pest problems and environmental considerations suggest the need for ecologically oriented PBW management strategies. Extensive research has resulted in a broad array of monitoring, biological control, cultural, behavioural, genetic and host plant resistance methods that can serve as a base for the formulation of integrated PBW management systems. The life history characteristics of the PBW, in particular the high mobility of adults, indicate the need for combinations of selected integrated pest management (IPM) components implemented over large geographical areas. The areas involved present a wide range of PBW population densities, differences in cotton production methods and social and environmental considerations. The best option is tailor-made systems for targeted management areas with the selection of IPM components based on the PBW population density, crop production methods and economic feasibility. The unlikelihood of eradication indicates the need for long-term monitoring and programme maintenance following successful area-wide management. The success of area-wide PBW management is highly dependent on participation in the planning, site selection, implementation and assessment phases of the programme by all segments of the agricultural community. A highly effective extension--education communication programme is an essential component. Local uncoordinated efforts have not reduced the economic status of this pest in any area where it is an established pest. The potential long-term benefits of PBW population suppression on an area-wide basis appear to justify area-wide efforts in terms of reduced costs, more effective control, less environmental contamination and other peripheral problems associated with conventional control approaches.     

棉花对红铃虫抗性的遗传分析

 采用品种群体内随机株行、F#-2代、不完全双列杂交和世代均值分析等试验，研究了棉花对红铃虫抗性的遗传。多个试验一致证实，以子害率反映棉花对红铃虫抗性的遗传力中等偏低，同时受加性、非加性基因效应所控制。而品种群体内株间抗性分化很小。     

粉肉火龙果优良单株评价筛选初报

[目的]选育果肉颜色新颖、品质优良的火龙果株系.[方法]通过对“从化之星”火龙果实生后代中所有果肉颜色为粉红色单株的栽培试验,对所有粉肉单株生长习性,丰产性及果实经济性状和内在品质等进行了分析比较.[结果]从156个粉肉单株中选出各方面均表现较佳的单株.分析结果表明,单株80-1综合品质最好.[结论]该粉肉火龙果既有红肉火龙果的甜度,又多了白肉火龙果的酸味,且果肉颜色新颖,在市场推广中必能占据一定优势.     

1株罗曼粉鸡源申氏不动杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解贵州省某养殖场罗曼粉鸡发病病原的特征及其耐药性,本试验从病死鸡中分离出一株革兰氏阴性菌,命名为GZ2019,并对其进行纯化培养、生化试验、16S rRNA序列分析、药敏试验及动物回归试验。分离菌在普通琼脂培养基上呈圆形凸起、表面光滑、半透明的灰白色小菌落,鲜血营养琼脂培养基上菌落形态与普通琼脂培养基上的一致,但不溶血;革兰氏染色结果镜检显示,分离菌为成双排列的阴性球杆菌,偶见单个存在或链状排列;生化试验结果显示,分离菌枸橼酸盐利用、过氧化氢酶反应为阳性,硝酸还原、氧化酶、葡萄糖发酵等反应为阴性,无运动性;16S rRNA序列分析结果显示,分离株与不动杆菌的核苷酸同源性在72.6%~99.9%之间,与申氏不动杆菌LUH 4760株（GenBank登录号：AJ275041）、SNSK 752株（GenBank登录号：MG584984）、MCDA01株（GenBank登录号：KY385627）及RP1株（GenBank登录号：MG461636）的核苷酸同源性高达99.9%;药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对头孢曲松和痢特灵敏感,对头孢哌酮、头孢呋辛、头孢他啶等5种药物中度敏感,对新霉素、环丙沙星、羧苄西林等17种药物耐药;动物回归试验结果显示,试验组小鼠隔离饲养1周仅死亡1只,死亡率为20%,表明该分离菌致病性较弱。本试验成功分离出1株低致病性申氏不动杆菌GZ2019,可为鸡源申氏不动杆菌病的预防和治疗提供一定的参考依据。     

白东魁和东魁不同发育阶段果实的花青苷组分及含量差异分析

白东魁是从东魁杨梅群体中发现的粉色果实的杨梅变异株系,为研究东魁和白东魁果实色泽差异的形成机理,运用液相色谱串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）技术分析了两个品种3个不同发育阶段果实中的花青苷种类和相对含量。结果表明：两个品种的成熟果实中均可以检测出7种花青苷,分别为矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,矢车菊素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷,矢车菊素-3-O-鼠李糖苷,飞燕草素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,飞燕草素-3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷,天竺葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷和芍药色素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,但飞燕草素-3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷在东魁和白东魁的幼果期和转色期均未检测到。白东魁成熟果实中除矢车菊素-3-O-鼠李糖苷外,其它6种花青苷含量均显著低于东魁,尤其杨梅果实中最主要的矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,在白东魁果实中的含量只有东魁的13.93 %,从而导致了两个品种成熟果实间色泽的巨大差异。     

水红杆天麻及乌天麻有性杂交种与原品种间的比较研究

该试验利用水红杆天麻与乌天麻两种不同的优点，采用人工授粉的杂交方式，获得有性繁殖种子。在同等条件下，将有性繁殖杂交种与原品种进行比较试验。结果表明，有性杂交麻种在产量、成品率、折干率和抗病能力等方面均比原品种高。