Moth sex-pheromone biosynthesis is inhibited by the herbicide diclofop

Pheromones of nocturnal moths are derived from fatty acids produced as a result of the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. This timely production is initiated in nocturnal moths by a tropic peptide, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide released into the hemolymph. In monocotyledonous plants, specific plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase is inhibited by herbicides that target the eukaryotic form of the enzyme. We report evidence that these herbicides can also target pheromone biosynthesis by a moth, thereby implicating the acetyl-CoA carboxylase as a key regulatory enzyme in the pheromone biosynthetic pathway. These findings, whilst indicating the possible action of such herbicides on non-target organisms, also suggest a novel alternative method of insect pest management, which precludes sex-pheromone production and mating success, thereby reducing insect population growth.     

李杏混栽园食心虫种类及其种群动态调查

以辽宁省果树科学研究所李杏资源圃为研究对象,利用4种食心虫的性诱剂,诱捕调查圃内食心虫发生种类及其种群消长动态。结果表明,李杏资源圃食心虫发生种类有梨小食心虫、李小食心虫、桃小食心虫和桃蛀螟4种,优势种群为梨小食心虫和李小食心虫。梨小食心虫后期蛾量高峰与低谷难以准确界定,世代重叠现象严重;李小食心虫一年有3个发生高峰期;桃小食心虫一年有2个发生高峰期。桃蛀螟全年只诱到3头成虫,可以忽略不计。     

落叶松八齿小蠹聚集信息素生物活性及分泌规律

利用落叶松八齿小蠹(Ips subelongatus Motsch.)聚集信息素的粗提物,在试验室和林间对聚集信息素的生物活性,分泌规律进行了系统研究。聚集息息素具有较强的生物活性,它是由在寄主上取食的雄虫后肠所分泌的,分泌释放高峰出现在侵入寄主后的2—3d,以后随着交配次数的增加其分泌释放量逐渐减少。该虫在林、勃、桦地区一年出现三次聚集信息素分泌释放高峰,在低虫口密度条件下,其最佳诱虫剂量为20ME;最远诱虫距离为50m,当风速在2—3.5m/s、温度为20—27℃诱虫效果最好。触角剪除及扫描电镜实验证实触角是该虫接受聚集信息素的重要感觉器官。     

烟夜蛾气味结合蛋白的同源模建

[目的]预测烟夜蛾(Helicoverpa assulta)的气味结合蛋白。[方法]用同源模建的方法构建烟夜蛾(Helicoverpa assulta)气味结合蛋白的三维结构,并用Procheck、Verify_3D、Errat、ProSa2003等程序进行评价。[结果]程序评价结果表明模建结构是可靠的。模建结构显示烟夜蛾的气味结合蛋白由6个α-螺旋和连接这些螺旋的回折构成,底物结合口袋成锥形;6个保守的半胱氨酸形成3个对结构起稳定作用的二硫键。[结论]预测结构可靠,为烟夜蛾的研究及虫害的防治提供了理论依据。     

用同源模建方法预测蔷薇科斜条卷叶蛾信息素结合蛋白的三维结构

[目的]预测蔷薇科斜条卷叶蛾(Choristoneura rosaceana)信息素结合蛋白的三维结构。[方法]用同源模建的方法构建蔷薇科斜条卷叶蛾信息素结合蛋白的三维结构,并分别用Procheck、Verify_3D、Errat、ProSa2003等程序对模建结构的可靠性进行评价。[结果]模建结构显示蔷薇科斜条卷叶蛾的信息素结合蛋白由6个α-螺旋和连接这些螺旋的回折构成,底物结合口袋成锥形的特征,6个保守的半胱氨酸形成3个对结构起稳定作用的二硫键。[结论]预测结构可靠,为蔷薇科斜条卷叶蛾的研究及虫害的防治奠定了理论基础。     

Response of two tephritid species, Bactrocera oleae and Ceratitis capitata, to different emission levels of pheromone and parapheromone

Attractants and pheromones are commonly used in integrated pest management programs in crop systems. However, pheromone dispensers employed in monitoring traps and lure and kill devices are not usually well studied and attractants are released at uncontrolled rates leading to low treatment efficacies and misleading monitoring estimations. Fruit flies are pests of economic importance and monitoring is essential in order to program insecticidal treatments. Moreover, lure and kill techniques are being increasingly used, but the cost of these techniques depends on the number of required traps and, therefore, on the efficacy of the attractants. Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera oleae are the two main fruit flies in Mediterranean countries, and the effect of different doses of trimedlure and spiroacetal on fly attraction has been studied. Results showed that a release rate over 1.28 mg/day of spiroacetal reduces B. oleae attraction and emission values over 2.4 mg of trimedlure per day did not increase C. capitata catches. Under the environmental conditions of our study, an optimum release rate for pheromone attraction in B. oleae was determined. Emission values over this optimum level reduced B. oleae attraction. However, when a parapheromone was used with C. capitata, a fruit fly of the same family, the optimum emission value was not found and higher quantities of parapheromone attracted the same number of flies. The saturation effect of high concentrations of pheromone and parapheromone is discussed.     

Efficacy of carbofuran and phorate at different intervals of application for control of rice tungro

Abstract

The relationship between the catch of male Spodoptera litura (F.) moths in sex pheromone‐baited traps and the number of egg‐masses in groundnut crop at the International Crops Research Institute for Semi‐Arid Tropics Centre Patancheru, India was examined during the post‐rainy season of 1983. Significant positive correlations were found between the number of egg‐masses and the total number of male moths caught during the 7 days preceding the egg‐mass count. 75% of the variance in the egg‐mass counts and pheromone trap catches could be accounted for by the regression.     

2个甜菜夜蛾信息素结合蛋白cDNA片段的克隆和序列分析

 通过比较几种已发表夜蛾科昆虫的信息素结合蛋白（PBP）氨基酸序列，设计合成一对简并性引物, 利用反转录多聚酶链式反应（RT-PCR）技术从甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua Hübner)雄虫触角扩增得到2个分别为275 bp和281 bp的cDNA片段SexigPBP1和SexigPBP2，其分别由92个氨基酸残基和94个氨基酸残基组成。通过在GenBank中进行序列的同源性比较，表明这2个序列与已知几种昆虫的PBP氨基酸序列具较高同源性。     

促进麝香增产的新途径研究

通过研究,发现外激素对麝的生香过程有调节控制作用,利用这个原理,定期给雄麝以外激素刺激,结果雄麝的年产香量明显提高,获得了显著的经济效益。此外,依据麝释放化学信息的原理,提出了回收麝香的可行性措施,为扩大麝香资源,提高麝香产量开辟了新途径。     

西方蜜蜂卵标记信息素研究进展

综述了西方蜜蜂卵标记信息素的研究现状,包括蜂王产的卵和工蜂产的卵表面成分的鉴定和卵信息素成分鉴定及卵信息素来源的研究进展.